Beginning SQL Server 2005 Express

Rick Dobson Beginning SQL Server 2005 Express Database Applications with Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer Express From Novice to Professional 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page i Beginning SQL Server 2005 Express Database Applications with Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer Express From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2006 by Rick Dobson All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN (pbk): 1-59059-523-8 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. 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You will need to answer questions pertaining to this book in order to successfully download the code. 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page ii Contents at a Glance About the Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Working with SQL Server Express ■CHAPTER 1 Getting Started with SQL Server Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ■CHAPTER 2 Graphical and Command-Line Query Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 ■CHAPTER 3 Exploring, Creating, and Recovering Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 ■CHAPTER 4 Data Types, Tables, and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 ■CHAPTER 5 Creating Queries from a Single Database Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 ■CHAPTER 6 Querying Multiple Database Objects and Manipulating Result Sets . . . 191 ■CHAPTER 7 Leveraging Database Objects That Encapsulate T-SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 ■CHAPTER 8 Managing SQL Server Express Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 PART 2 ■ ■ ■ Working with Visual Basic Express and Visual Web Developer Express ■CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Visual Basic Express and Windows Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 ■CHAPTER 10 Introduction to Visual Web Developer Express, Web Pages, and Web Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 ■CHAPTER 11 Programming ADO.NET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445 ■CHAPTER 12 Programming DataAdapter and DataSet Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485 ■CHAPTER 13 Using Visual Database and Form Design Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 ■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 iii 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page iii 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page iv About the Author. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix PART 1 ■ ■ ■ Working with SQL Server Express ■CHAPTER 1 Getting Started with SQL Server Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 What Is SQL Server Express? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Who Is SQL Server Express For? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hobbyists and Other Nonprofessional Developers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Business Analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Database Administrators and Operations Specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Professional Developers in Need of a Free, Modern Database . . . . . . . . . . . 8 SQL Server Express vs. SQL Server 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Similarities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 SQL Server Express vs. MSDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Installing SQL Server Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Performing a System Check for SQL Server Express. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Registration, Feature, and Instance Name Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Service Account and Authentication Mode Screens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Collation, Error Reporting, and Ready to Install Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Using SQL Server Express Query Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Query Tools for SQL Server Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Configuring SQL Server Express to Start Automatically. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Configuring SQL Server Express for Network Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Configuring the Windows XP Firewall for SQL Server Express . . . . . . . . . . 21 Connecting from the SSMS-Based Query Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Connecting from Remote Down-Level Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Installing Sample Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Connecting to SQL Server Express from Visual Studio 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Connecting to SQL Server Express from Access Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Connecting to SQL Server Express from Access Linked Tables . . . . . . . . . 28 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 v Contents 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page v ■CONTENTSvi ■CHAPTER 2 Graphical and Command-Line Query Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Using the SSMS-Based Query Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Connecting to SQL Server Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Using Database, Table, and View Designers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Designing, Running, Saving, and Rerunning SQL Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Using the sqlcmd Utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Connecting to SQL Server Instances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Running Statements from a File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Saving Output to a File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Dynamically Running and Batching sqlcmd Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 ■CHAPTER 3 Exploring, Creating, and Recovering Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Overview of Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Introducing Database Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Types of Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Getting Meta Data About Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Using sp_helpdb for Database Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Using System Catalog Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Searching for and Copying Databases with Windows Explorer. . . . . . . . . . 83 Using CREATE DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Just Naming the Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Designating Data Files in the ON Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Using the LOG ON Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Attaching and Detaching Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Attaching Databases with CREATE DATABASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Copying Files, the Auto-Close Feature, and sp_detach_db . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Backing Up and Restoring Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Overview of Database Recovery Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Choosing and Modifying a Database’s Recovery Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Performing a Full Data Backup and Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Performing Differential Backups and Restores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Cleaning Up the Backup and Restore Scripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 ■CHAPTER 4 Data Types, Tables, and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Learning About Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Numbers and Dates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Character and Binary Byte Streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Creating Tables and Using Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Creating a Table with Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page vi ■CONTENTS vii Managing Data Integrity with Basic Constraints and Column Properties. . . . . . 128 Inserting Data for a Subset of Table Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Not Allowing Null Values in a Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Designating Default Column Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Designating a Column as a Primary Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Managing Data Integrity with Sophisticated Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Using CHECK Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Using Multicolumn Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Using Foreign Key Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 ■CHAPTER 5 Creating Queries from a Single Database Object . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Specifying Items to Select from a Data Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Specifying SELECT List Items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Using the Current Database Context or a Different Database . . . . . . . . . . 165 Specifying Queries from Another Server Instance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Filtering, Grouping, and Aggregating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Filtering for Exact and Approximate Character Matches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Filtering for Values in a Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Grouping and Aggregating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 ■CHAPTER 6 Querying Multiple Database Objects and Manipulating Result Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Joining Data Sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Inner Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Outer Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Cross Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Self-Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Joins for More Than Two Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Using Subqueries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Including a Subquery in a SELECT List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Including a Subquery in a WHERE Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Including a Correlated Subquery in a WHERE Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Explicitly Ordering and Ranking Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Controlling Row Order with the ORDER BY Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Ranking Result Set Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Manipulating Result Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Saving a Result Set with the INTO Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Appending Result Sets to One Another . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Reusing Queries with Common Table Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Converting Between Relational and Cross-Tabulated Tables . . . . . . . . . 239 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 5238CH00_FM 11/18/05 4:29 PM Page vii ■CHAPTER 7 Leveraging Database Objects That Encapsulate T-SQL . . . . 247 Creating and Using Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Performing Data Access with a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 Performing Data Modification with a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Processing Meta Data with System Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Creating and Using User-Defined Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Creating and Using FN User-Defined Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Creating and Using IF User-Defined Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Creating and Using Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Returning Result Sets Without Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Returning Result Sets and Input Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Returning Scalar Values with Output Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 Processing Return Status Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 Performing Data Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 Creating and Using Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 Learning to Reference Inserted and Deleted Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 Rolling Back in an AFTER Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Archiving Changes to a Table with Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Using an INSTEAD OF Trigger with a View. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 ■CHAPTER 8 Managing SQL Server Express Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Overview of Security Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Exploring and Creating Principals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 Exploring Principals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Creating Principals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Assigning Permissions to Principals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Overview of Securables and Permissions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Assigning Permissions via the Fixed Server Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Assigning Permissions via the Fixed Database Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . .