Vinalabeo, a new generic name for Vinalabeo tonkinensis (Cyprinidae, teleostei)

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI: 10.18173/2354-1059.2016-0066 Natural Sci. 2016, Vol. 61, No. 9, pp. 140-144 This paper is available online at 140 VINALABEO, A NEW GENERIC NAME FOR Vinalabeo tonkinensis (CYPRINIDAE, TELEOSTEI) Nguyen Van Hao 1 , Nguyen Huu Duc 2 and Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong 1 1 Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, 2 Hanoi National University of Education Abstract: Vinalabeo n. gen. (Labeoninae, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) belongs to be Varicorhinus tonkinensis, and is separated from the genus Sinilabeo. Vinalabeo is characterized mainly as follows: The unbranched ray of dorsal and anal fins are ossification and smooth. Other identifications are: Pre-dorsal distance grip shapenon-scale cover in between upper lip and jaw are fastened together, and smooth; Lower lip and chin separate from lower jaw with 2 deep, continuous grooves; Upper lip is gnarled, with a low, and thick meat thorn; Behind lower lip a deep, groove grows continuous from outside to middle; Body is covered with large, while chest and abdomen with small scales, relatively. Anus is 2-3 scale far from anal fin. The above characteristics differentiate Vinalabeo genus from other species of Sinilabeo genus i.e. since the unbranched rays of the dorsal with theanal fins are not ossification; Pre-dorsal distance is nearly round-shaped, and covered with scales in middle. Upper lip is thick, wide with many fringes; Lower lip is complete and separated from jaw with one deep groove and unseparated from chin; Front lip has a big meat thorn growing sparser and high; Groove behind lower lip is found discontinuous at only 2 corners of its mouth; Anus is adjacent and in front of anal fin. Keywords: Fish, Vinalabeo n. gen., Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, Labeoninae, Red River, Vietnam. 1. Introduction The fish named Ca Hoa in Vietnamese was first described based on samples collected in the Red River flow through Vietnamese territory in 1934, and called Varicorhinus tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey [1] by Chevey & Lemsson in 1937 [2]. Since then, the species’ name has remained unchanged, however the genus has 3 variations of names: Labeo (Mai Dinh Yen, 1978 and Nguyen Van Hao, 1993) [3, 4]; Sinilabeo (Bănărescu, 1973; Chu, Chen et al., 1989 and Nguyen Van Hao & Ngo Sy Van, 2001) [5-7]; Bangana (Kottelat, 2001) [8]. After we carefully studied its morphologic characteristic and compared with each genus’ standards, the fish turned out to have a numerous distinctions resulting in the impossibility to be grouped to one of the above genera. Thus, we decided to declassify the fish from the genera Sinilabeo, Labeo, Bangana so as to establisha new genus named Vinalabeo, based from the species’ standards of Varicorhinus tonkinensis Chevey & Pellegrin (1934). Received October 10, 2016. Accepted November 25, 2016. Contact Nguyen Huu Duc, e-mail address: duc.nguyen1942@gmail.com Vinalabeo, a new generic name for vinalabeo tonkinensis (cyprinidae, teleostei) 141 2. Content 2.1. Materials and methods The reference samples of the fish species for research came from a collection of 19 specimens preserved in the Fish Museum of Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Bac Ninh, Vietnam as follows: 7 were collected in Thao river (of which 5 were: 217 - 372 mm SL, collected on March 1964 at Yen Bai and Lao Cai provinces; 2 were 217 - 392 mm SL, collected on 13 March 2010 at Ngoi Thia stream, Tran Yen district, Yen Bai province); 6 were at Da river (of which 4 were 151 - 184 mm SL, collected on 20 November 1971 in Lai Chau tower, and 2 were 365 - 412 mm SL, collected on 15 October 2011 at Nam Na river, Sin Ho district, Lai Chau province); 6 were in Lo river (of which 4 were 160 - 225 mm SL, collected at Tuyen Quang town, on 8 October 1962 and 20 April 1999 in Na Hang district, Tuyen Quang province; and 2 were 162 - 202 mm SL, collected on 11 October 2011 at Bac Me district, Ha Giang province). The samples for comparision included 15 speciments: 8 of Sinilabeo lemassoni (4 were 186 - 250 mmSL, collected on 18 April 1968 at Ta Khoa village, Son La Province and collected on 13 June 1972 at Nghia Lo town, Yen Bai province; 4 were: 225 - 345 mm SL, collected on 11 October 2011 at Nam Na river, Sin Ho district, Lai Chau province and on 30 March 2013 in the Gam River, Bac Me district, Ha Giang province); Four samples of Sinilabeo xanthogenys (176 - 210 mm SL, collected on 3 January 1972 in Van Yen commune, Hoa Binh province and on 25 March 1975 in Ta Khoa commune, Son La province); 3 of Sinilabeo songloensis (198 - 242 mm SL, collected on 20 October 1962 in Tuyen Quang town, Tuyen Quang province). The research also referred to two sets of fish specimens kept at the Zoological Department of Hanoi National University of Education, and the Animal Museum of Fisheries College, together with a number of fish samples that were kept alive and breeding in the Aquatic Breeding Center of the Northern Provinces of Vietnam. References used for identification included Chevey and Lemason (1937) [2]; Mai Dinh Yen (1978) [3], Nguyen Van Hao (1993) [4]; Nguyen Van Hao and Ngo Sy Van (2001) [7]; and for classification of fresh-water fish from neighboring countries included: Fish of China (Yue, 2000) [9], Fish of Laos (Kottelat, 2001) [8]; Fish of Cambodia (Rainboth, 1996) [10] and Bănărescu, 1973 [5] on the genus Sinilabeo in Asia; and especially those from the fish fauna of Chinese provinces bordering Vietnam to the norther such as Yunnan (Zhou, Chen et al., 1989) [6], Guangdong (Pan, 1991) [11], Quangxi (Zhang, 2005) [12] and Hainan Island (Anon., 1986) [13]. Morphological characteristic analysis was according to Nguyen Van Hao & Ngo Si Van (2001) [4]. 2.2. Results and discussions New genus Vinalabeo Nguyen V. H., Nguyen H. D. & Nguyen T. D. P. n. gen (Type: Varicorhinus tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934 (Figure 1). Diagnosis: Vinalabeo is distinguished from other genera in the cyprinid tribe Labionini by its appearances including: upper lip and jaw are fastened together, with un-separated grooves connecting to the lower lip at the corner of its mouth. Only mandible is sharp horn-coating; Lower lip and chin are removed from lower jaw, and completely seperated with 2 deep, and continuous Nguyen Van Hao, Nguyen Huu Duc and Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong 142 grooves. Front lip has a gnarled, short meat and thick thorn. Groove behind lower lip is complete witha continuous depth from outside to middle; The unbranched ray of dorsal and anal fins are ossification, and smooth; Predorsal distance grip shape, and non-scale cover in between; Body is covered with large, while, chest and abdomen with small scales, relatively; anus is 2 - 3 scale far from anal fin. Figure 1. Ca Hoa Vinalabeo tonkinensis (Pell. & Chev., 1934) (Sources: Nguyen Van Hao & Ngo Sy Van, 2001) Description: Figure 1 shows general appearances as follows: Long, thick and flat sided body; Back contour-and arched figure with dorsal fins raised forward; Relatively-straight abdominal contour, especially from its snout to anal fin; Fairly-short, and laterally-compressed head; Slightly pointed, pricked-up snout, setting forward on a horizontal concave groove, and sucking to a small and inerratic nodule, with 1-2 oblique grooves on each side; Thick skin snout growing at the bottom, and covering most of the upper lip which isonly to open his mouth corner; Smooth-skin outline snout; underneath its mouth with a slight width of ½ the size of its length; It is closed to mouth or immediate to previous cross-border of eyes; Slightly-thick upper lip tightly covering upper jaw which is smooth, and connected to lower lip at its mouth corner; Thin lower lip which is completely separated from the lower jaw and chin by two deep grooves at each side, with a low, internal, small and thick spike meat; Lower lip trench which is continuous, complete, but dettached from its chin; Narrow, curved mandible with horn-coating; Flat and concave chin with a width of 2/3 of its size; Grooves in between at both sides resembling knife wounds; Two tiny, and short (snout and jaw angle) barbels are and unrecognizable sometimes; The dorsal fin has 11 and the anal one has 5 branched rays; Each fin with 3 unbranched rays is ossification, and smooth; with 43 - 45 scale-covered lateral line between its body and tail officials; Pre-dorsal distance floating-life forms, and non-scale covered between lines; Smooth skin, or border -coveredbetween two sides in lateral lines; Body covered with large, while chest and abdomen with small scales, relatively; Anus is 2 - 3 scale far from anal fin.; Faryngeal teeth arranged in 3 rows; Air balloon has 2 compartments. Remarks: Vinalabeo n. gen. compared with the genera-closed to the sub-family Labeoninae was found as follows: - Cirrhinus and Vinalabeo is distinguished from Labeo by appearances as follows: Upper lip and upper jaw are fastened together, with unseparating grooves; Only lower mandible is coated with sharp horn; Lower lip and chin are separated from lower jaw with 2 deep continuous grooves. Vinalabeo, a new generic name for vinalabeo tonkinensis (cyprinidae, teleostei) 143 The control genera is described as follows: upper lip and upper jaw are separated from each other by 1 deep groove; Upper and lower jaws are coated with sharp horns, and adjacent to lower lip, chin, and jaw; Lower lip groove is set at lateral corner of the mouth only. - The new genus is different from genus Bangana by appearances including: Upper lip is narrow, and smooth; Lower lip is thin, separated from lower jaw and chin with 2 deep grooves; Groove behind below lip is complete, continuous and deep; Lateral line is tiled ed with 43-45 scales between body and tail officials; Pre-dorsal distance floating-life forms, non-scale covered between lines; smooth skin, or laterally line border-covered between two sides ; Unbranched rays of the dorsal and anal fins are ossification, and smooth; Anus is 2 - 3 scales far from anal fin. Meanwhile the control genus obtains the followings: Upper lip is thick, wide, with many fringes; Lower lip is mandibularly - separated by 1 deep groove, and unseparated from chin; Groove behind lower lip is found only at sides and interrupted in middle; Pre-dorsal distance is nearly round shape, covered with scales in middle; Unbranched rays of the dorsal and anal fins are not ossification; Anus is adjcent and in front of anal fin. - The new genus differentiates from the genus Sinilabeo by appearances as follows: Upper lip isslightly thick, narrow, smooth, and attached to the upper jaw; Lower lip is thin, completely separating from lower jaw and chin with 2 deep (both ahead and behind) grooves; Front lip of tread pattern has a small meat, thick and low; Lower lip groove is complete, continuous and regularly deep; Unbranched rays of the dorsal and anal fins are ossification, and smooth; Pre- dorsal distance floating-life forms, non-scale covered between lines; S Smooth skin, or bordering- scale covered between two sides in lateral lines; Body is covered with large, while chest and abdomen with small scales, relatively; Anus is 2-3 scale far from anal fin. While the control genus obtains appearances as follows: Upper lip is thick, wide, with many fringes; Lower lip is thick, completely separating lower jaw with one-deep groove, but detached to its chin; Front lip has big, sparser and high meat thorn; Groove behind lower lip is discontinuous, found only at 2 corners of mouth and interrupted in middle, with a width of three-quarter the size of its mouth; Unbranched rays of the dorsal and anal fins are not ossification; Pre-dorsal distance is nearly round shape, covered with scales in middle; Anus is adjacent and in front of the anal fin. Etymology: Genus Vinalabeo n. gen. is close to the genus Labeo Cuvier and Sinilabeo Rendahl, which is a special form of Labeo fish of Vietnam, should be named Vinalabeo. Remarks: This new genus was classified the Vinalabeo tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934) as holotype, bearing Vietnamese genus name Ca Hoa. Meanwhile, the genus Sinilabeo Rendahl (1932), previously named “Ca Hoa” in Vietnamese (Nguyen Van Hao & Ngo Sy Van, 2001). However, up-to-date, this fish species does not belong to genus Sinilabeo anymore. Thus the Sinilabeo genus previously used for Ca Hoa d in Vietnamese is no longer appropriately called. Therefore, we should remove the Ram Xanh (Sinilabeo lessmasoni) from its representation of the genus Sinilabeo in Vietnam. The fish species in the new genus Vinalabeo The new genus Vinalabeo in Vietnam includes three species distributed mainly in the northern mountainous provinces V. tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934), V. loos (Nguyen, 2001) and V. daos (Nguyen, 2001). Nguyen Van Hao, Nguyen Huu Duc and Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong 144 3. Conclusion Vinalabeo n. Gen. (Labeoninae, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) was established based on the holotype species of Varicorhinus tonkinensis Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934 and separated from the genus Sinilabeo Rendahl, 1932. The new genus Vinalabeo in Vietnam includes three species, distributed mainly in the northern mountainous provinces: V. tonkinensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1934), V. loos (Nguyen, 2001) and V. daos (Nguyen, 2001). Acknowledgments. The authors would like to thank the Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, the Zoological Department of Hanoi National University of Education, as well as the Aquatic Breeding Center of the Northern Provinces of Vietnam for allowing us to use their samples for this study. REFERENCES [1] Pellegrin, J & Chevey, P., 1936. Poisson nouveaux on races du Tonkin et de L Annam. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 61: 325- 379. [2] Chevey, P & Lemasson, J, 1937. Contribution a l’etude des poissons des eaux douces Tonkinoises. Note Ints. Ocenoger Indonechine, 1-183, 44 pls. [3] Mai Dinh Yen, 1978. Identification of the freshwater fish of the northern provinces of Vietnam. 340 p (in Vietnamese). [4] Nguyen Van Hao, 1993. Ichthyology, Vol. II. 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