Tài liệu giới thiệu chung về địa chỉ IPV4

Như chúng ta đã biết Internet là một mạng máy tính toàn cầu, do hàng nghìn mạng máy tính từ khắp mọi nơi kết nối lại. Khác với cách tổ chức theo các cấp nội hạt, liên tỉnh, quốc tế của một mạng viễn thông như mạng thoịa chẳng hạn, mạng Internet tổ chức chỉ có một cấp, các mạng máy tính dù nhỏ, dù to khi nối vào internet đều bình đẳng với nhau

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