Bài giảng Introduction to MIS - Chapter 13: Organizing the MIS Resources

Introduction to MISChapter 13Organizing the MIS ResourcesJerry PostTechnology Toolbox: e-Mail RulesTechnology Toolbox: Managing ProjectsCases: EnergyOutlineHow is an MIS department managed?Is the MIS department doing a good job?What roles and tasks does the MIS department perform?What MIS jobs are available, and how much will it cost to hire IT employees?Do you really need to run all of the MIS operations yourself?Who should control IT resources?How can Internet technologies be used internally to centralize data but still support decentralized user access?Why is the MIS department involved in so many conflicts? How do you solve them?Organizing IS ResourcesHardware administration and operationsSoftwaredevelopmentSupport end userdevelopmentDatabaseadministrationAdvocacyNetwork managementSoftware trainingand supportInternet and e-businessMIS RolesHardware administrationSoftware supportNetwork managementSoftware developmentEnd user supportE-business/InternetDB administrationAdvocacySecuritySecurityNetwork and TelecommunicationsHardware RepairTraining and User SupportSome MIS RolesManaging ISManaging WorkersHiring, Evaluating, TrainingAre IT certifications useful?No good answer. Are employers looking for narrowly-defined list of skills, or intelligent, adaptable workers?Planning and IntegrationA start of the discussion on centralization v. decentralization.MIS needs to fit within the organizational structure.Evaluation, Oversight, and ControlUser satisfaction evaluation of IT.Chargeback (transfer pricing).Difficult to set correct prices.Gives some control (yes/no) to users.IT oversight committeesIS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser SupportComputerworld 1995 Salary SurveyCIO/VP IS $91,568Director IS Operations 72,982 Networks 70,050 Systems Development 72,982Computer manager $49,545Supervisor 39,525Lead operator 30,304Operator 25,383Technical specialist 36,801 Telecom. manager $60,278Telecom. specialist 46,974Network administrator 42,880LAN manager 46,802 Support manager $49,825Help desk manager 41,756Help desk operator 29,486PC technical specialist 33,045Business analyst 37,205 Project manager $58,386Sr. systems analyst 51,910Systems analyst 45,416Sr. systems program. 51,731Systems programmer 41,887Sr. programmer/analyst 45,981Programmer/analyst 37,203Database manager 55,669Database analyst 47,774Data security admin. 47,484 Salaries1995Salaries1997-1998IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support (Robert Half 1997)Computerworld 9/7/1998 IS $126,000Director MIS 94,000 Systems Development 79,500Senior manager $61,000Manager 50,500Lead operator 35,000Telecom. manager $71,000Telecom. specialist 56,500Network architect 69,000LAN/WAN specialist 54,500Network administrator 45,500Support manager $55,000Help desk manager 47,500Instructor 42,000PC technical specialist 36,000Sr. Project manager $72,000Project manager 61,500Systems analyst 52,000Programmer/analyst 44,500Programmer 36,000Includes bonusDatabaseDatabase manager $74,000Database administrator 61,000Database analyst 55,000SpecialistsERP analyst $80,000+CASE tools 61,000Systems programmer 54,000Lotus Notes developer 52,500Q/A specialist 49,000Webmaster 47,000Salaries1998-1999IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support (Robert Half 1997)Computerworld 9/7/1998 IS $140,000Director MIS 94,000 Systems Development 98,000Senior manager $66,000Manager 50,500Lead operator 39,000Telecom. manager $71,000Telecom. specialist 57,500Network architect 69,000LAN/WAN specialist 57,000Network administrator 53,000Support manager $54,000Help desk manager 49,000Instructor 42,000PC technical specialist 37,500Sr. Project manager $76,000Project manager 61,500Systems analyst 52,000Programmer/analyst 44,500Programmer 36,000Includes bonusDatabaseDatabase manager $74,000Database administrator 61,000Database analyst 55,000SpecialistsERP analyst $80,000+CASE tools 61,000Systems programmer 54,000Lotus Notes developer 52,500Q/A specialist 49,000Webmaster 53,000Salaries 2001IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $165,000Director $106,000Manager 74,000Lead operator 42,000Computer operator 35,000Director $106,000Manager 83,000Administrator 60,000Network analyst 40,000Junior analyst 34,000Manager $69,000Help desk operator 40,000PC technical support 43,000Director $123,000Manager 88,000Project manager 85,000System analyst 79,000Senior developer 74,000Programmer/analyst 55,000Junior programmer 45,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $94,000Administrator 89,000Database analyst 67,000InternetManager $94,000Webmaster 72,000Application developer 70,000EC specialist 74,000EDI specialist 66,000SecurityManager $86,000Administrator 72,000Specialist 64,000IS audit manager 81,000IS audit staff 53,000Salaries 2003IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $154,000Director $104,500Manager 82,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 40,500Computer operator 35,000Manager $67,000Administrator 54,000Network engineer 70,600Junior analyst 34,000Manager $88,300Technical trainer 55,000Help desk operator 45,800PC technical support 43,000Director $127,000Project manager 92,000System analyst 68,000Senior developer 76,800Programmer/analyst 65,000Junior programmer 45,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $91,000Architect 96,000Analyst 67,900InternetDirector/strategy $112,000Manager 96,500Application developer 56,000EC specialist 70,100EDI specialist 66,000SecurityChief Security $111,000Manager 85,000Specialist 75,000IS audit manager 95,000IS audit staff 53,000 2005IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $164,000Director $108,000Manager 83,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 40,500Computer operator 35,000Manager $69,000Administrator 54,000Network engineer 70,400Junior analyst 34,000Manager $68,300Technical trainer 54,000Help desk operator 47,800PC technical support 43,000Director $101,000Project manager 95,000System analyst 74,000Senior developer 76,800Programmer/analyst 71,000Junior programmer 45,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $88,000Architect 95,000DBA 81,000Analyst 65,000InternetDirector/strategy $112,000Manager 96,500Application developer 56,000EC specialist 71,000EDI specialist 66,000SecurityChief Security $113,000Manager 97,000Specialist 81,000IS audit manager 91,000IS audit staff 53,000 Salaries 2006IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $175,000Director $113,000Manager 82,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 40,500Computer operator 35,000Manager $78,000Administrator 55,000Network engineer 74,000Junior analyst 34,000Manager $77,000Technical trainer 54,000Help desk operator 48,000PC technical support 43,000Director $120,000Project manager 97,000System analyst 74,000Senior developer 76,800Programmer/analyst 76,000Junior programmer 47,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $88,000Architect 95,000DBA 83,500Analyst 65,000InternetDirector/strategy $116,000Manager 96,500Application developer 56,000EC specialist 76,000EDI specialist 66,000SecurityChief Security $153,000Manager 97,000Specialist 82,000IS audit manager 104,000IS audit staff 53,000Computerworld 2006 Salary Survey Salaries 2007IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $179,000Director $113,000Manager 88,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 40,500Computer operator 35,000Manager $80,000Administrator 57,700Network engineer 74,000Junior analyst 34,000Manager $77,000Technical trainer 54,000Help desk operator 48,000PC technical support 43,000Director $120,000Project manager 105,000System analyst 74,000Senior developer 76,800Programmer/analyst 90,800Junior programmer 47,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $88,000Architect 95,000DBA 83,700Analyst 65,000InternetDirector/strategy $116,000Manager 96,500Application developer 56,000EC specialist 76,000EDI specialist 66,000SecurityChief Security $153,000Manager 103,000Specialist 82,300IS audit manager 104,000IS audit staff 53,000Computerworld 2007 Salary Survey Salaries 2008IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $179,000Director $113,000Manager 80,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 40,500Computer operator 35,000Manager $83,500Administrator 59,000Network engineer 79,000Junior analyst 44,000Manager $87,000Technical trainer 65,000Help desk operator 48,000PC technical support 43,000Director $120,000Project manager 90,000System analyst 81,000Senior developer 76,800Programmer/analyst 69,000Junior programmer 47,000Includes bonusDatabaseManager $103,000Architect 95,000DBA 86,000Analyst 76,000InternetDirector/strategy $116,000Manager 89,500Application developer 66,000EC specialist 75,000EDI specialist 66,000SecurityChief Security $170,000Manager 103,000Specialist 87,000IS audit manager 109,000IS audit staff 53,000Computerworld 2008 Salary Survey 2009IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $171,000Director $101,000Manager 80,000Systems Admin 61,000Lead operator 52,600Computer operator 35,000Manager $78,000Administrator 62,800Network engineer 78,200Junior analyst 44,000Manager $71,700Technical trainer 68,000Help desk operator 39,200PC technical support 43,000Director $160,000Project manager 105,000System analyst 78,300Senior developer 85,600Programmer/analyst 76,000Junior programmer 54,800Includes bonusDatabaseManager $99,400Architect 95,000DBA 88,700Analyst 79,000InternetDirector/strategy $143,000Manager 82,500Application developer 66,000EC specialist 71,700EDI specialist 67,000SecurityChief Security $170,000Manager 111,500Specialist 83,600IS audit manager 109,000IS audit staff 65,700Computerworld 2009 Salary Survey drop 2.8-5.6% eweek/Robert HalfNote: High varianceSalaries 2011IS ManagementOperationsNetworksSystems DevelopmentUser Support IS/CTO $191,000Director $104,600Manager 80,000Systems Admin 70,300Lead operator 53,800Computer operator 37,400Manager $90,500Administrator 64,100Network engineer 77,300Junior analyst 44,000Manager $75,300Technical trainer 64,600Help desk operator 56,200PC technical support 51,600Director $175,000Project manager 102,300System analyst 79,200Senior developer 92,300Programmer/analyst 77,000Junior programmer 56,800Includes bonusDatabaseManager $110,800Architect 117,000DBA 89,300Analyst 75,800InternetDirector/strategy $156,400Manager 88,500Application developer 66,000EC specialist 72,700EDI specialist 68,000SecurityChief Security $162,000Manager 99,000Specialist 89,000IS audit manager 109,000IS audit staff 70,400Computerworld 2011 Salary Survey High varianceArnett and Litecky, 1994MIS Job Skills NeededComputerworld, 1998Skills in DemandRank20042001199819941Application developmentERPERPNetworking2Project managementObject engineeringGroupwareDatabase3Database managementData warehouse and data visualizationDatabaseUNIX4NetworkingGroupwareNetworkingVisual Basic5SecurityWirelessCOBOLCOBOL2004: Skills in Demand2010: 2007: DeveloperSAPDatabase Management2007Business AnalystWindows AdministratorProgram ManagerOffshore Project ManagerVendor Manager2004Application DevelopmentProject ManagementDatabase ManagementNetworkingSecurity2001ERPObject EngineeringData Warehouse and VisualizationGroupwareWireless1998ERPGroupwareDatabaseNetworkingCOBOLThe Economist: July 30, 1994International Salaries 1994Systems AnalystComputer ProgrammerTextile WorkerSalaryNon-SalarySalaryNon-SalaryPer hourNon-SalaryUnited States46,75714,44336,02210,5788.742.87Japan51,93812,58142,3169,41514.129.53Germany49,28615,82140,12413,95113.127.38France44,05027,11326,31119,2109.736.76Britain41,8089,68025,5295,7188.232.04India2,2483,1961,7692,2060.410.15Mexico20,79415,05714,91711,1611.681.25Hong Kong51,27712,18528,2116,4043.330.52International Salaries: 2001NationProgrammer/Analyst SalaryUnited States 55,000Britain 57,000Russia 10,800India 2,508www.placementIndia.comwww.gojobsite.co.ukwww.auriga.com International Salaries 2003/2004NationProgrammer/Analyst Salary (USD/year)United States 61,500Britain 59,600Russia 10,000Romania 6,500China 9,000IndiaIndia/Bangalore 6,104 10,000UK: US: India: Summary: Many in 2002: Salaries 2006/2007NationProgrammer/Analyst Salary (USD/year)United States 61,500-100,000Britain 60,000-80,000Russia 12,000-18,000Romania 6,500China 9,000-18,000Israel 50,000-60,000India/Bangalore 10,000-30,000?UK: India: Summary: Many in 2002: Salaries 2010/2011NationProgrammer/Analyst Salary (USD/year)United States 52,100-90,000Britain 45,000-80,000Russia 19,000-34,000China 14,000-25,000Israel 35,000-67,000India/Bangalore 6,000-12,000-30,000?Summary: Software_Engineer_%2F_Developer_%2F_Programmer/Salary Productivity also varies enormouslyForecast for 1999: $42.6 billionOutsourcingOutsourcingSource: Annual ReportsCompany1991199519972000200320062010IBM Global Services0.417.724.637.042.648.256.4EDS/HP Services1.212.415.219.219.821.340.8Accenture0.54.26.39.811.818.223.1CSC0.44.26.610.511.114.616.1ADP0.33.04.97.07.16.98.9Affiliated/Xerox Serv.0.20.41.22.13.85.39.5Fiserv0.20.71.01.72.74.54.1Perot/Dell Services0.20.30.81.11.52.33.5Tata/TCS1.44.26.8Wipro0.31.32.46.1InfoSys1.03.24.8Cognizant0.10.41.44.6Satyam0.20.51.11.2HCL Tech.0.10.20.41.02.7Total (billion dollars)3.443.260.788.9105.4134.6188.5Outsourcing TotalOutsourcing EvaluationOutsourceIn-HouseSpecialized talentHigh fixed costsLevel of technologyStandard workers, hardware, and software are readily available at fixed fees.If you need expensive workers or technology, you can save the mark-up profits and keep control over selection.Security and controlProviders can afford specialists and provide solid basic security.Data that requires absolute secrecy needs to be kept in-house.Strategic use of ITProviders can handle standard technology.Unique applications and new ideas come from in-house.Company size/resourcesSmall companies get access to specialists and shared resources. You can purchase the level of technology you need and expand as you grow.Large companies can afford IT staff and specialists, but might choose to convert fixed costs to monthly costs. Outsourcing and Contracting ProblemsA November 2002 study by DiamondCluster: 78% of IT executives who outsourced an IT function had to terminate the contract early ( do you control service levels?How do you control costs?What happens when you change strategies?Define exactly what you want—do not assume workers understand your business.Monitor progress and set deadlines.Do not expect creativity or insight into your business.MIS Organization Timeline1950196019701980199020002010Central ServerServersMid-rangePCsNetworksWeb/ClientsSoftware,Development,ConsultingServers + SoftwareNetwork managementOutsource/purchaseSummary of MIS OrganizationData andsoftwareMIS personnelHardwareUser departmentsComplete CentralizationHardware Centralization AdvantagesEasier to shareDataExpensive hardware (printers)Easier to controlPurchasesUsageLess duplicationEfficiency — less unused resourcesSoftware Centralization AdvantagesCompatibilityBulk buying discountsEasier trainingEase of maintenance & upgradesData Centralization AdvantagesEasy backupEasier to ShareLess duplicationSecurity control\monitoringPersonnel Centralization AdvantagesWorkers with similar backgroundsEasier trainingStraightforward growth pathSpecialized staffEasier to see/control costsGrowth of PCsMobile ComputingBy value, more money is spent on laptops in 2006.By 2009, by count more laptops were shipped.Throw in Web-based cell phones and tablets MIS personnel are members of user departmentsMarketingFinanceAccountingHuman Resources ManagementComplete DecentralizationHardware Decentralization AdvantagesLess chance of total breakdownUsers get personalized equipmentMicros are cheaper than mainframesNow, servers are built from the same technologies as PCsNot until Facebook in 2011 did vendors begin standardizing server hardware to help reduce costs.Software Decentralization AdvantagesDifferent users have different preferencesEasier accessCustomization without affecting othersCan overcome objectionsLower prices minimize benefits of bulk purchases.Similarities of packages make training easier.Conversion tools enable sharing.Data Decentralization AdvantagesNot all data needs to be sharedEasier find and accessControl & politicsPersonnel Decentralization AdvantagesCloser to usersFaster responseMore time spent with usersBetter understanding/communicationDifferent career path Thin ClientsServerData and applicationsThin clientBrowser-based accessUser interfaceIntranet and Cloud Network SolutionsHigh-bandwidth connections between servers.Standard Internet connections to users.OrganizationalAre operations interdependent? -planning -development -physical resources -operationsCan subunits relate solely through information & messages?Does corporate culture support decentralization?StrengthsEnd users gain control.Supports workgroups.Enables new organizational structures.Increased organizational flexibility.WeaknessesPossible short term bias in decision making.Might not be optimal use of resources for corporation.IS staff might lose cohesiveness and support.Decentralization SummaryTechnology Toolbox: Defining E-Mail RulesCreate folders.Tools/Rules and AlertsNew Rule, optionsMove to folderQuick Quiz: Defining E-Mail Rules1. How is the e-mail system similar to an expert system? How is it different?2. What is likely to be the most difficult part of creating a system for handling your messages?Technology Toolbox: Managing ProjectsMicrosoft ProjectWebProject.mppWebProjectLevel.mppQuick Quiz: Managing Projects1. What advantages are provided by storing the project information in a DBMS?2. Why is estimating development time one of the most difficult activities?Cases: Energy