Bài giảng môn Organizational Behavior - Chapter 11: Teams: Characteristicsand Diversity

Teams:Characteristicsand DiversityChapter 11Team CharacteristicsA team consists of two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.A special type of “group.”The interactions among members within teams revolve around a deeper dependence on one another than the interactions within groups. The interactions within teams occur with a specific task-related purpose in mind.Types of TeamsTypes of TeamsVariations within Team TypesVirtual teams are teams in which the members are geographically dispersed, and interdependent activity occurs through electronic communications—primarily e-mail, instant messaging, and Web conferencingTeams also vary in how developmentally mature they areStages of Team DevelopmentStages of Team DevelopmentTeam InterdependenceTask interdependence refers the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the teamTaskInterdep-endenceTeam InterdependenceGoal interdependence exists when team members have a shared vision of the team’s goal and align their individual goals with that vision as a resultGoalInterdep-endenceTeam InterdependenceOutcome interdependence exists when team members share in the rewards that the team earnsTeam CompositionMemberRolesMember AbilityCognitive and physical abilities needed in a team depend on the nature of the team’s taskDisjunctive tasks Conjunctive tasksAdditive tasksMember PersonalityThree traits are especially critical in teams:Agreeable people tend to be more cooperative and trusting, tendencies that promote positive attitudes about the team and smooth interpersonal interactions.Conscientious people tend to be dependable and work hard to achieve goals.Extraverted people tend to perform more effectively in interpersonal contexts and are more positive and optimistic in general. Team DiversityDegree to which members are different from one another in terms of any attribute that might be used by someone as a basis of categorizing people. Value in diversity problem-solving approachSimilarity-attraction approachSurface-level diversityDeep-level diversityTeam SizeHaving a greater number of members is beneficial for management and project teams but not for teams engaged in production tasks.Research concluded that team members tend to be most satisfied with their team when the number of members is between 4 and 5.How Important Are Team Characteristics?