Bài giảng Network Certification Microsoft Press - Chapter 4

1Chapter Overview  Network Operating Systems  Network Clients  Directory Services 2Windows Operating Systems MS-DOS–Based Kernel Windows NT–Based Kernel  Microsoft Windows for Workgroups  Microsoft Windows 95  Microsoft Windows 98  Microsoft Windows Me  Microsoft Windows NT  Microsoft Windows 2000  Microsoft Windows XP Professional  Microsoft Windows .NET Server 3Microsoft Windows NT  First released in 1993  Provides preemptive multitasking  Integrates networking into the operating system 4Windows NT/Windows 2000 Versions Windows NT Windows 2000  Workstation  Server  Professional  Server  Advanced Server  Datacenter Server 5FAT File System  The file allocation table (FAT) is compatible with MS-DOS–based operating systems.  The original version (FAT16) supports drives up to 2 GB only.  FAT32 supports drives of virtually any size. 6NT File System (NTFS)  Supports larger files and drives than FAT does  Provides increased security  Supported by Windows NT and Windows 2000  Not supported by MS-DOS–based operating systems 7Windows NT/Windows 2000 Mandatory Networking Services  Server  Workstation  Computer Browser  Messenger  Alerter  Netlogon 8Windows NT/Windows 2000 Optional Networking Services  Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)  Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)  Domain Name System (DNS) Server  Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server  Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)  Distributed file system (Dfs)  Microsoft Cluster Server 9Novell NetWare  First commercially successful network operating system  Former market leader  Pure client/server operating system 10 NetWare Versions  3.2: final bindery version  6.0: latest Novell Directory Services (NDS) version 11 Comparison of Operating System Design Objectives  Novell NetWare was originally designed to provide file and print services.  UNIX was designed to provide application services.  Microsoft Windows was designed to provide both application services and file and print services. 12 NetWare File System  Uses name space modules to support native client file systems  Provides individual file and folder security 13 NetWare Protocols  Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)  Proprietary  Supported by all NetWare versions  Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)  Limited support in NetWare 4.x  Native support added to version 5.0 and later versions 14 UNIX Variants  UNIX System V  Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX  Sun Solaris  Linux  Hardware-specific UNIX variants 15 UNIX Characteristics  Peer-to-peer operating system  Character-based interface  Uses TCP/IP  Designed primarily as an application server  Runs on various processors  Based on the open source software concept 16 Original Macintosh Networking  Built-in network interface adapter  Proprietary AppleTalk protocols  AppleShare file and print services 17 Current Macintosh Networking  Uses EtherTalk and TokenTalk  Uses TCP/IP  Usually used on all-Macintosh networks 18 Network Clients and Client Types  A client is a software component that enables a computer to access server resources.  The client types are  Client applications  Client modules 19 Client Applications  Separate programs that communicate with a server in the network  Examples:  Web browsers  File Transfer Protocol (FTP) clients  E-mail clients  Newsreaders 20 Client Modules  Integrated into an operating system  Provide other applications with access to server resources 21 Windows Networking Stack 22 Redirectors  A redirector is an operating system component that forwards resource requests generated by an application to a network server.  Windows can run multiple client redirectors simultaneously.  Multiple redirectors can use different protocols. 23 Using Multiple Redirectors 24 Gateway Service for NetWare (GSNW)  Included with Windows 2000 and Windows NT Server  Provides basic NetWare connectivity  Must be used with NWLink  Functions as a gateway that enables computers running Windows without NetWare clients to access NetWare resources 25 Novell Clients for Windows  Included with Novell NetWare  Offers the following versions:  Novell Client for DOS/Windows  Novell Client for Windows 95/Windows 98/Windows Me  Novell Client for Windows NT/Windows 2000 26 Novell Clients for Windows (Cont.)  Use Novell’s IPX, not NWLink  Can use Open Data-link Interface (ODI) or Network Driver Interface Specification (NDIS) network adapter drivers  Can run NetWare Administrator 27 Macintosh Connectivity Tools  Microsoft Services for Macintosh  Novell Client for MacOS  Novell Native File Access for Macintosh 28 UNIX Client Capabilities  Includes TCP/IP client programs  Requires additional products for client file system access 29 Directory Service Types  Flat file  Hierarchical 30 NetWare Bindery  Used by NetWare version 3.2 and earlier  Database of user and group accounts for a single NetWare server 31 Novell Directory Services  Introduced in NetWare 4.0  Originally called NetWare Directory Services  Consists of objects arranged in a hierarchical structure 32 NDS Hierarchy 33 NDS Objects and Object Types  Objects are logical entities composed of units of data called properties.  There are two types of objects:  Container objects. Organizational objects that can hold other containers or leaves  Leaf objects. Objects that represent network resources 34 Windows NT Domains  Flat file directory database  Not server specific  Stored on domain controllers 35 Windows NT Domain Controllers  Primary Domain Controller (PDC). Contains master copy of directory database  Backup Domain Controller (BDC). Contains replicas of the master directory database 36 Single Master Replication 37 Active Directory Hierarchy  Introduced in Windows 2000 Server  Hierarchical directory service based on Windows NT domains  Expands the domain concept into the enterprise  Domains can be grouped into trees.  Trees can be grouped into forests. 38 Multiple Master Replication 39 Chapter Summary  The Windows NT, Windows 2000, and UNIX operating systems include both server and client functionality.  Novell NetWare is strictly a client/server network operating system.  Windows NT and Windows 2000 were designed to provide application services and file and print services.  A client is a software component that enables a computer to access server resources.  Client types include client applications and client modules.  A directory service is a centralized database of user accounts and other information that administrators use to control access to shared network resources.  Active Directory replicates changes to the data on any domain controller to all of the other domain controllers on the network.