This project aimsto develop the larval rearing and nursery capacity of marine finfish
productionin Vietnamthrough the use of accessible, cost effective and
environmentally sustainable technologies. Through the development and use of in
pond floating raceways (FR) this project will assist farmers to develop their own
intensive but durable and manageable larval rearing capacity. This capacity will be
used to improve fingerling supply to the industry which is currently both costly and
limited. In addition, advanced nursery capacitywill also be developed using the same
principles. Grow out of finfish inraceways tomarket size will alsobe investigatedin
this project in conjunction with Australianresearchers. Researchers fromthe
Queensland DPI&F will provide expertise in systems management, water quality
managementand waste remediation. Species proposed for studyinclude grouper,
cobia and barramundi. All activities willbe conducted using ‘zero discharge’
principleswhere there is no net discharge of effluent. Information fromthese
activities will be used to train staff fromthe UoF, its students, industry and other
relevant stakeholders. Active involvement and contribution of different stakeholders
will make this researchhighly relevant and applicable to the local aquaculture
industries.
10 trang |
Chia sẻ: ttlbattu | Lượt xem: 1824 | Lượt tải: 1
Bạn đang xem nội dung tài liệu Đề tài Intensive In-Pond Raceway Production of Marine Finfish - MS7, để tải tài liệu về máy bạn click vào nút DOWNLOAD ở trên
Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development
CARD Project Progress Report
VIE062/04
Intensive In-pond Raceway Production
of Marine Finfish
MS7: THIRD SIX-MONTHLY REPORT
1. Institute Information
Project Name Intensive in-pond raceway production of marine
finfish
Vietnamese Institution Nha Trang University (the former University of
Fisheries)
Vietnamese Project Team Leader Dr. Hoang Tung
Australian Organisation Queensland Department of Primary Industries &
Fisheries
Australian Personnel Mr Michael Burke
Date commenced 15 April 2005 (01 August 2005 in Vietnam)
Completion date (original) 15 April 2007
Completion date (revised) December 2007
Reporting period 01 Sept 2006 – 28 Feb 2007
Contact Officer(s)
In Australia: Team Leader
Name: Mr Michael Burke Telephone: +61 7 34002051
Position: Biologist Fax: +61 7 34083535
Organisation DPI&F Email: Michael.burke@dpi.qld.gov.au
In Australia: Administrative contact
Name: Michelle Robbins Telephone: +61 7 3346 2711
Position: Senior Planning
Officer, R&D
Coordination
Fax: +61 7 3346 2727
Organisation DPI&F Email: Michelle.robbins@dpi.qld.gov.au
In Vietnam
Name: Dr. Hoang Tung Telephone: +84.914 166 145
Position: Director, International Centre for
Research and Training
Fax: +84.58.831145
Organisation Nha Trang University Email: htunguof@gmail.
com
2
2. Project Abstract
This project aims to develop the larval rearing and nursery capacity of marine finfish
production in Vietnam through the use of accessible, cost effective and
environmentally sustainable technologies. Through the development and use of in
pond floating raceways (FR) this project will assist farmers to develop their own
intensive but durable and manageable larval rearing capacity. This capacity will be
used to improve fingerling supply to the industry which is currently both costly and
limited. In addition, advanced nursery capacity will also be developed using the same
principles. Grow out of finfish in raceways to market size will also be investigated in
this project in conjunction with Australian researchers. Researchers from the
Queensland DPI&F will provide expertise in systems management, water quality
management and waste remediation. Species proposed for study include grouper,
cobia and barramundi. All activities will be conducted using ‘zero discharge’
principles where there is no net discharge of effluent. Information from these
activities will be used to train staff from the UoF, its students, industry and other
relevant stakeholders. Active involvement and contribution of different stakeholders
will make this research highly relevant and applicable to the local aquaculture
industries.
3. Executive Summary
In Australia, the first harvest and market appraisal was completed. Nursery raceways
were successful in producing sand whiting (Sillago ciliata) in densities up to 70
kg/m3. This equates to a biomass of approximately 250 kg per unit. Whiting can reach
market size (for the butterfly fillet market: 80 g) in 9 months. Growout raceways
produced mulloway (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) at densities up to 100 kg/m3. This
equates to a total biomass of 2,000 kg per raceway. Mulloway were grown to market
size in less than 10 months (100 g -500 g). On-grown mulloway to 1 kg size took 14
months (170 g – 1000 g). Both species were well received in the market. Total fish
production within the pond at BIARC exceeded 35 ton/ha equivalent, however this
was achieved only with continuous water exchange (approx 10%/day) to regulate
water quality. Next stage research will investigate water remediation strategies to
progress towards zero water discharge and these trials have commenced. The
successful demonstration of the raceway system at BIARC has provided baseline
production efficiencies and guidelines for several new developments, including fish
culture in municipal wastewater ponds and in extracted groundwater. The project has
presented two posters at the World Aquaculture Society 2007 Annual Meeting in San
Antonio, USA. Negotiations are continuing with commercial operators, Gold Coast
Marine Aquaculture, to include cobia (Rachycentron canadum) trials this year and the
Northern Fisheries Centre to include estuary cod (Epinephelus coioides).
In Vietnam, trials to nurse barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from 20 mm total length to
circa 80 – 100 mm total length were continued to show good results. Large fingerlings
were provided to local farmers for stocking in ponds and cages. Positive feedbacks
from the local farmers continue to inspire the project works. Nonetheless, the local’s
lack of experience in farming barramundi at commercial scale appeared to
marginalize project impacts. A preliminary trial was also conducted for barramundi
grow-out in floating raceways as requested by CARD at the start of the project. With
3
assistance of the Australian Project Leader the project had conducted a workshop to
disseminate project’s outcomes and drew in substantial interest of local farmers,
extension officers and staff and students of Nha Trang University. Attempts to
introduce the use of floating raceways to the adjacent provinces were also made. The
project has presented two papers at the World Aquaculture Society 2007 Annual
Meeting in San Antonio, USA. Preparations were undertaken so that the second year
trials on zero-discharge system could be conducted. Limitations of the first floating
raceway model (called SMART-1) were identified and addressed by the design and
construction of a new version called SMART-2 that allows full-scale
commercialization of floating raceways for marine finfish fingerling production,
particularly with species like cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and groupers
(Epinephelus spp) in Vietnam. The project will be working with local farmers and
extension organizations to trial SMART-2 and at the same time testing the possibility
of developing a zero-discharge system using floating raceways.
4. Introduction & Background
Aquaculture plays an important role in the development of Vietnam’s economy and
has been widely considered as an effective means for poverty alleviation by the FAO.
The country aims to produce 2 million tons of aquaculture products, mainly with
marine species, by 2010. This ambitious target is unlikely to be achievable unless
cost-effective methods of nursing are developed to produce large number of large
fingerlings for stocking in sea cages and coastal ponds. As tank production of large
fingerlings is highly costly, other option such as nursing in earthern ponds, hapas and
floating raceways should be considered. In this regard, the floating raceway
technology has a number of unique advantages over all the other systems, including
effective management, high productivity and high level of biosecurity.
In Queensland marine fish farming in sea cages is considered as damaging to coral
reefs and other sensitive aquatic habitats. New sustainable yet profitable land based
production methods are thus in need for development. Tank based marine
recirculation facilities are cost prohibitive and would fail to take advantage of
Queensland’s favourable climate and existing pond aquaculture infrastructure. The
combination of floating raceways and bioremediation would eventually result in “low-
discharge” or even “zero-discharge” system for coastal aquaculture.
This CARD project combines the innovative design of floating raceways (FRs) with
the concept of bioremediation. FRs, either made of plastic or cheap materials, have
been trialled successfully in Japan, Australia and US. Through this project, different
local materials have been used to design and built raceways, at both commercial and
experimental scales for trials. Target species include high-value indigenous fish such
as barramundii, whiting, snapper, cobia, murray cods, etc. The project also
emphasizes on improving capacity of the Vietnamese institutions through study tour,
training courses and research internship. Information from the project once available
is immediately disseminated to local farmers and the industry through extension
workshop. The system is designed in a form that allows it to be used by farmers with
no major change of their existing ponds. This project is expected to help boosting
production of marine fish fingerlings and better use the existing shrimp ponds, many
of which are abandoned in coastal areas. These fit nicely into the CARD’s framework
and aims, i.e. promoting productive technology addressing social, environmental and
human resource development issues.
4
5. Progress to Date
5.1 Implementation Highlights
• Carrying capacity and most suitable stocking densities for growout
determined for whiting and mulloway based on growth rate, FCR and fish
health. Total production capacity from experimental raceways at BIARC
equivalent to 35 tons/hectare.
• First harvest and market appraisal of harvested whiting and mulloway in
Australia. Both species well received. Raceways restocked for fish to be on-
grown for future growth rate, FCR and harvest data.
• Trials underway in Aust to progress towards zero discharge from floating
raceway production ponds. Remediation strategies to be investigated
include: (a) evaluation of waste sumps within raceways to collect uneaten
feed and faeces; (b) the culture of harpoon weed (Asparagopsis armata) as a
nutrient sink; and (c) the promotion of bacterial flocs for managing pH and
waste nutrients.
• Trials on using floating raceways (SMART-1) for advanced nursing of
barramundi were complete. Shrimp pellets have been used successfully for
nursing barramundi, which helps simplify farming protocol as specially-
made pellets for barramundi are not available yet on market in Vietnam.
• A preliminary trial was conducted to assess the possibility of using floating
raceways for grow-out production of marine fish in Vietnam as advised by
CARD at the start of the project.
• First MSc student, supervised and supported by the project, successfully
defended his research thesis and graduated in December 2006. Experimental
design and proposal development are being undertaken for the second MSc
student.
• An extension workshop was organized for more than 150 attendants (local
farmers, extension officers, teaching/research staff and students of Nha
Trang University) in December 2006.
• First year project meeting was held in Nha Trang with attendance of the
Australian Project Leader. The team later was visiting Phu Yen Province and
a number of governmental and private enterprises to introduce floating
raceway technology and received great interest.
• The project had designed and manufactured a new version of floating
raceway called SMART-2 for trials in the second year. This SMART-2
model is aimed for commercial production of cobia and grouper fingerlings.
Negotiation has been made to trial SMART-2 in collaboration with local
farmers and the Binh Dinh Fisheries Extension Center, Binh Dinh Province.
• One paper about project outcomes was presented at WAS 2007 in San
Antonio, Texas, USA in Feb 2007. One paper was submitted to the
organization committee of the IMOLA Symposium – Integrated Farming
Approach which will be held at Hue Agriculture and Forestry University in
April 2007. One paper was submitted to the Journal of Fisheries Science and
Technology in Vietnam for publication in July 2007.
• Trial on the development of a zero-discharge system was undertaken.
5
5.2 Smallholder Benefits
In Australia:
• Integrated Recycle International Ltd (IRI) has adopted a modified raceway
design for a new Queensland enterprise that aims to produce fish in
wastewater for fishmeal production. The raceway design is based on the
low-cost HDPE configuration developed in this CARD project. The IRI
venture will be established at Hervey Bay on Queensland’s Fraser Coast,
and will utilise water stored in municipal tertiary treated effluent ponds
managed by the local government authority. Preliminary trials have
identified a suitable native fish candidate, and work has commenced in
building floating pontoon infrastructure. Floating raceways were selected as
the preferred production system due to cost effectiveness and the improved
management they offer in terms of stock inventory, growth and disease
monitoring, predator control and harvesting.
• A large prawn farm in North Queensland has requested specific information
on raceway specifications for future diversification opportunities. Their
interest lays particularly in the growout of reef fish species within existing
prawn ponds.
• The use of floating raceways for growing marine fish in ponds containing
saline groundwater extracted from coal seam gas mining is currently being
investigated, with much of the production modelling based on data generated
in this CARD project.
In Vietnam:
• The Khanh Hoa Fisheries Extension Center had taken up quickly the project
outputs and produced large fingerlings for local fish farmers in Khanh Hoa
Province and some adjacent ones like Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh and Ninh
Thuan. As barramundi seeds are currently supplied to the fish farmers at a
small size of around 20 mm total length, larger fingerlings (80 – 100 mm
total length) clearly associates with higher growth rate and higher survival
rate in grow-out ponds.
• Around 150 local farmers, extension officers, students and staff of Nha
Trang University received instruction/advices for the application of floating
raceways into aquaculture production through the first year workshop
organized by the project at Nha Trang University in December 2006.
• The Vietnamese Project Leader has consulted the Australian Project Leader
and finalized negotiation with two farms in Khanh Hoa Province (one in
Cam Ranh and the other in Nha Trang) and the Department of Fisheries of
Binh Dinh Province to collaborate in testing SMART-2 at commercial scale.
Raceways will be provided by the project and trials will be run at the
expenses of the collaborators.
• Discussion was also made with Department of Fisheries of Phu Yen
Province to trial floating raceways for growing out freshwater eels in Song
Hinh Reservoir.
5.3 Capacity Building
In Australia
6
• Additional staff members from BIARC have been trained in the construction
and function of floating raceways. These include Dan Willett and Trevor
Borchert.
• In collaboration with industry, several cobia broodstock have been collected
and maintained at BIARC with plans to expand the broodstock numbers
further. These fish are being domesticated and conditioned for future
reproduction and growout trials. The raceways will be investigated as
nursery facilities for weaned fingerlings.
In Vietnam
• Staffs of Nha Trang University and Khanh Hoa Fisheries Promotion Center
are involved in project activities, thus improving skills and knowledge of
marine fish nursing and pond management.
• The Vietnamese Project Leader and his research colleagues at NTU and
KFPC are able to write and publish project outcomes at international
conferences and in national journal.
• Information and project results were incorporated into lectures of three
subjects namely “Research Methodology in Aquaculture”, “Experimental
Design and Data Analysis” and “Coastal Aquaculture Systems” offered to
undergraduate and graduate students at NTU.
5.4 Publicity
• The demonstration of marine fish (mulloway and whiting) growout at high
densities in raceways at the trial site at BIARC continues to attract attention
of visiting research institutions and commercial aquaculture operators.
• The project has presented two posters at the World Aquaculture Society
2007 Annual Meeting in San Antonio, USA.
• Information about the project has been prepared by the research team and
available at the website of Nha Trang University under the International
Center for Research and Training (www.ntu.edu.vn).
• One extended abstract titled “Nursing marine fish in coastal pond using
floating raceways” by Tung Hoang, Mao Nguyen, Adrian Collins and
Michael Burke was submitted to WAS 2007 Conference in US.
• Two articles were submitted for publication in Vietnam.
• The Vietnamese Project Leader and Australian Project Leader have jointly
promoted floating raceway technology in Khanh Hoa and Phu Yen Province.
5.5 Project Management
• Project staff changes at BIARC have been managed after the resignation of
technicians Scott Shanks and Blair Chilton. Luke Dutney and Stephen
Nicholson have now been instated to conduct daily on-ground activities of
the project. Both have considerable aquaculture experience and have been
trained in all technical aspects of the project.
• The Australian Project Leader, Mr. Michael Burke has actively led the
project and provided great supports to the Vietnamese Component.
• The second six-month report was submitted to CARD and approval was
granted consequently. Milestone reports (3&4) were prepared and submitted
to CARD.
7
• Routines for information exchange have been practised between the
Australian and Vietnamese project leaders.
• Funding transfer has been made available and sufficient by QDPI&F for
NTU to conduct trials as planned.
6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues
6.1 Environment
For research activities in Vietnam environmental concern is not an issue as the
system is designed with minimum water exchange with the surrounding environment.
In fact, the pond water has been used for seven months already with no exchange.
Apart from the only incident encountered in early July (due to wrong practice of one
project technician), water quality in the reservoir pond has been adequately good for
the fish in the floating raceways. In the second year of the project, detailed studies on
nutrient budget of the system will view more information and confirm the possibility
to develop a “zero-discharge” system that remedies possible environmental impacts
and improves its biosecurity.
In Australia the promotion of raceway technology will also need to address
environmental compliance issues. While our research has demonstrated that raceways
facilitate higher production efficiencies per hectare, uptake of the technology by
existing coastal pond-based farmers will be restricted unless there are strategies for
minimising nutrient discharge. This is because of State EPA discharge regulations.
Research activities for this period are focussing on this issue with trials evaluating
waste collection sumps within raceways, seaweed biofiltration and the use of
bacterial-based ‘biofloc’ treatment to progress towards zero water discharge.
6.2 Gender and Social Issues
In Vietnam daily management of the nursing system showed that the system
requires continuous attention rather than hard works. This may facilitate further
involvement of women in aquaculture. Within the scope of the project alone two
ladies are involved in experimental works. However, high level of intensification and
high productivity of this nursing system will limit the number of farms to adopt it.
The social benefits should be considered as more quality fingerlings are made
available to fish farmers.
7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues
7.1 Issues and Constraints
• Due to increasing competitive pressures from cheap imported products, many
Queensland farmers are looking to make better use of existing farm
infrastructures through growing complementary species. The use of floating
raceways as part of an integrated grow-out system should allow farmers to
take advantage of multiple production ‘nich