English for Chemists - Lesson 4

English for ChemistsLesson 4 GV: Châu Nhật Bằng Trường: ĐH Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu Refining Operation Cracking The breaking up of heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbon molecules by application of heat and pressure, with or without using catalysts. Polymerization process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains. Isomerizationthe process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms are rearranged. Reforming a chemical process used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas, typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products. Prefix De- : away, from, down dewaxing, depentanizer, dehyhrogen reaction, dethroned, devalue Thermo- or therm- : hot Thermodymamics, thermodynamic, thermometer, thermostable Co- : together, with co-author, coeducation, co-worker, co-star, cooperation Suffix -ion discuss discussion, confess confession -tion prohibit prohibition, regulate regulation -sion explode explosion, persuade persuasion -ssion permit permission, admit admission, succeed succession -version convert conversion, pervert perversion -ation alter alteration, explode exploration, hesitate hesitation -ition Compete competition, define definition -ption receive reception, subscribe subscription, consume consumption Pronunciation TH sound THUMB Pronunciation Beginning Thanks Thick Thunder Thursday Think Pronunciation Middle Anything Toothpick Athletic Mouthwash Pronunciation End Bath North Beneath Fourth South Pronunciation The ‘Voiced TH’ Sound Voiced ‘TH’ at the beginning of words The That They Them There This Those These Pronunciation Clothing Leather Mother Another Weather Northern Pronunciation Smooth Bathe Breathe Pronunciation “TH” Exceptions Thomas Thompson Theresa Thailand Thames Grammar of sentences Complex sentence A complex sentence has one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clauses. Ex: Because grammar is easy, I learned it quickly. I learned grammar quickly because it is easy. One of my favorite films is ‘My Love’, which is in Russian. They do not agree that grammar is easy. Grammar of sentences Noun clause A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions as a noun. It can be a subject, object, or subject complement. Ex I know that people have different opinions about their future. I believe that my students are very intelligent. I hope that they love studying English. Grammar of sentences That-clauses are made from statements. They states that science courses require a laboratory period. It also points out that lad attendance is mandatory. Wh-word clauses are formed from wh-question. They are introduced by Wh-words such as: who, when, where, what, which, how, how much, how many… Ex I do not know where student café is. I explained how complex sentences are formed. Do you know which answer is correct? If-whether-clauses are formed from yes/no questions. I don’t know whether (or not) I should teach you less. An engineer determines if the measurement are correct.