Methods to raise student’s awareness of cultural behaviors in school

73 HNUE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Educational Sciences, 2020, Volume 64, Issue 4B, pp. 73-81 This paper is available online at METHODS TO RAISE STUDENT’S AWARENESS OF CULTURAL BEHAVIORS IN SCHOOL Nguyen Thuy Quynh Faculty of Psychology and Pedagogy, Hanoi National University of Education Abstract. In pedagogical universities, educating students' cultural behaviors in school is an important task, because positive culture in school will affect the thoughts, feelings and actions of the members in a better direction. In order to shape cultural behaviors in school, students need to raise their awareness of the nature, meaning and expression of cultural behaviors in school at university. On the basis of a proper awareness of their position, role and responsibility in that school environment, students will have a more self-aware and active sense to improve their quality and capacity of future teachers. This article focuses on analyzing the status of pedagogical students' awareness of cultural behaviors in school, methods to raise their awareness of cultural behaviors in school. The empirical results of the study also indicate that we can raise students' awareness of cultural behaviors through integration with core academic subjects. Keywords: school culture, cultural behavior, cultural behaviors in school, educating cultural behaviors in school, awareness of cultural behaviors in school. 1. Introduction For pedagogical students, the formation and practice of cultural behaviors in school standards is an important task because it is associated with the beauty of the teachers' personality in the future. The process of educating cultural behaviors in school (SCB) for pedagogical students in the trend of international integration has an important goal to help students form academic standards and values of school culture, thereby fostering education degrees, beliefs with those standards and manifested by positive behaviors. These standards are part of the teacher character structure - the role that pedagogical students will have to play in the future. What happens when pedagogical students themselves do not have a clear awareness of the concept, nature and manifestations of cultural behaviors in school? In addition, the mismatch between academic and cultural behavior standards and the value orientation of pedagogical students will be an obstacle to the implementation of cultural behaviors in school in a self-conscious and integrated manner. pole. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to raise students' awareness of cultural behaviors in school in pedagogical schools, as a basis for the formation of cultural behaviors in school of students. The study of school culture and behavioral culture education has been mentioned by the authors in the world and in the country: Jerald, C. D. (2006), Kent D. Peterson (2002), Swartz, S.L. (2000); Pham Minh Hac (2009), Pham Van Khanh (2017), Phan Thanh Long (2010)... In the research works of the authors, the concept, the nature of school culture, measures to build school culture in schools have been analyzed quite clearly. However, up to now, studies on cultural behaviors in school of learners in general and students in particular still have not been much Received April 11, 2020. Revised April 24, 2020. Accepted May 15, 2020. Contact: Nguyen Thuy Quynh, e-mail address: quynhnt@hnue.edu.vn Nguyen Thuy Quynh 74 researched. The content of this paper is to focus on clarifying the reality of pedagogical students' awareness of school culture behavior in the current period. 2. Content 2.1. Research methods The study was conducted at 03 pedagogical universities: Hanoi National University of Education, Da Nang University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education. We surveyed 528 students, 124 lecturers, 27 education managers and 12 leaders of Youth Group and Student Association. The main methods used in this study include: - Questionnaire - Classroom observation - In-depth interviews - Experimental method Besides, we also use SPSS software to analyze the data in our research. 2.2. Research results 2.2.1. Overview of cultural behaviors in school “Cultural behaviors in school is a behavior committed by individuals voluntarily, motivated by a motivation that conforms to the values and standards of school culture, expressed through their conduct in the relationship. with yourself, with others, with your work and with your surroundings.” Thus, the nature of cultural behaviors in school is the self-conscious behavior of the individual. These behaviors stemfrom motivation in accordance with the values and norms of school culture. Cultural behaviors in school is extremely important for pedagogical students - teachers in the future. In order to form cultural behaviors in school, raising students' awareness of cultural behavior should focus on helping them understand: (1) The importance of cultural behaviors in school for pedagogical students; (2) The nature of cultural behaviors in school; (3) Manifestation of cultural behaviors in school at pedagogical university. School culture standards of pedagogical students are expressed in these aspects: - Student behavior in dealing with yourself - Student behavior in communication - dealing with one-self and with others - Student behavior in learning and other activities - Behavior of students to the environment, pedagogical landscape The standards of cultural behaviors in school of pedagogical students are built on the following bases: Firstly, based on social requirements for the role of teachers in modern society. Secondly, the school culture behavior standards need to be consistent with the output standards of pedagogical students at universities. Thirdly, the standard of cultural behaviors in school of pedagogical students must meet the basic criteria of teachers of general education (According to the standard teacher professional standards - Ministry of Education and Training issued). Methods to raise student’s awareness of cultural behaviors in school 75 Finally, based on the research on the core values that needs to be formed in 21st century pedagogical students (Research by Nguyen Thanh Binh (1), Phan Thanh Long (4), Tran Cam Tu (5), NIE (7). Relationship Core values Standard academic culture behavior of pedagogical students With myself - Self-respect - Confident - Free - Preserve ethics and personal status - Trust in your own abilities - Speak and act with control With other people (teachers, friends, other people) - To respect - Love - Co-operate - Respect the personality, interests and habits of others - Behave properly with teachers, friends and people around - Ready to help, share, and collaborate with people With learning and other activities - Passion - Voluntarily - Efforts - Self-discipline, perseverance in learning and practicing - Diligent, endeavor to complete the learning and training tasks - Actively participate in collective activities With environment and pedagogical landscape - Discipline - Responsibility - Strictly abide by the rules of the place where you study and practice - Preserve common property, protect environment, pedagogical landscape 2.2.2. The status of pedagogical students' awareness of cultural behaviors in school 2.2.2.1. Students' perceptions of the nature of cultural behaviors in school In order to survey pedagogical students' perceptions about cultural behaviors in school, we used Questionnaire combined with the interview method. Research results are shown in the following data table: Table 1. Students' perceptions of the nature of cultural behaviors in school No. Perceptions of cultural behaviors in school (SCB) Total (528) N % Rank 1 SCB is the act of observing school rules and regulations 177 33,5 5 2 SCB is an act to well implement the regulations and regulations in the school environment 211 39,9 4 3 SCB is an act that benefits others and the community, consistent with the requirements of modern society 369 69,8 3 4 SCB are good behaviors shown in lecture halls and public places 392 74,2 2 5 SCB is self-conscious behavior, motivated by motivation in accordance with school cultural values and norms 440 83,3 1 6 SCB is the behavior consistent with the trend of young people and in accordance with the trend of the times, taking place in the school environment 53 10,0 6 Through the data table, we found that students have good awareness of cultural behaviors in school when they though that school culture is an individual's self-motivated behavior, motivated by appropriate motivation, school culture values and norms with 440 out of 528 students selected (83.3%). Thus, the vast majority of students had a relatively good awareness of the concept of cultural behaviors in school, which was the behavior that both meets the values and standards of Nguyen Thuy Quynh 76 modern learning at the school, while emphasizing self-awareness and motivation of student’s behavior. In fact, there are behaviors that still conform to the standards of learning activities but not from the right motive. For example, when taking part in practical activities in high schools, students are forced to change their hair color, wearing casual pants, shirts according to the school's practice. However, at the end of the practice of educational skills, the student dyed his hair pink again, wearing torn jeans and a T-shirt cut back in accordance with his fashion preferences. Only when they are aware of the role and position of the teacher that they will assume in the future, gradually students will voluntarily adjust their behavior, dress, and communication... to conform to the standards of cultural behaviors in school. The concept of cultural behaviors in school was "good behavior shown in lecture halls and public places" was also selected by the majority of students with 74.2% of respondents agree. This was a fairly general concept, so it could be difficult to determine which criteria were good behaviors, while emphasizing only "lecture halls and public places". The concept: "The cultural behaviors in school is an individual's behavior that benefits others and the community, in accordance with the requirements of modern society" with 69.8% of students choosing. Only about 10.0% of the students surveyed said that the cultural behaviors in school is appropriate with the trend of young people and the trend of the times, taking place in the school environment. This showed that the majority of pedagogical students had initially identified the concept of cultural behaviors in school, but there was still confusion about the nature and expression of the required learning behavior behaviors. The results in Table 1 also showed that, besides the majority of students with good awareness of the concept of cultural behaviors in school, there were also a large part of students who still had incomplete knowledge about the learning behavior. Specifically, up to 33.5% of the students said that cultural behaviors in school was the behavior of complying with the school's rules and regulations; 39.9% of students perceive the learning behaviors to be self-conscious of individuals in order to well implement the regulations and regulations in the school environment. This view reflected only part of the concept of cultural behaviors in school, showing the need of methods to help raise students' awareness of the cultural behaviors in school at universities of education. 2.2.2.2. Students' perceptions of the importance of cultural behaviors in school Table 2. Students' perceptions of the importance of cultural behaviors in school No. The importance of cultural behaviors in school N % 1 Not important 3 0,6 2 Less important 3 0,6 3 Normal 8 1,5 4 Important 190 36,0 5 Very important 324 61,4 Total 528 100,0 Through the above data table, the majority of students highly appreciate the role of the implementation of cultural behaviors in school for pedagogical students. Specifically, up to 514 out of 528 students (accounting for 97.4%) said that the implementation of cultural behaviors in school is "Important" and "Very important" for the students. By summarizing the open-ended question: "Please tell us why is the implementation of cultural behaviors in school so important for pedagogical students?", We found that students had Methods to raise student’s awareness of cultural behaviors in school 77 a high consensus when evaluating the meaning of cultural behaviors in school. The percentage of students who said that the cultural behaviors in school "Helping students form the personality qualities of future teachers" accounted for 91.1% of the total number of responses; "Helping students with good communication and behavior skills in a school environment" with 90.2% of the total opinions of students; "Helping students with communication and behavior skills in school environment": 67.9%; "Helping students be aware of their responsibilities for building a school culture environment in pedagogical schools", accounting for 52.8%. The ideas "Helping students love teaching more", "Helping students learn and practice with higher results", "Helping students build beautiful images of "pedagogical students" in the new era" with the corresponding rates of 28.0%, 16.3% and 12.1%. In order to educate cultural behaviors in school effectively, it was very important for students to be aware of the significance of the cultural behaviors in school. The results of this study showed that relatively few students thought that the implementation of cultural behaviors in school would help them better orient their learning goals, thereby increasing their love for teaching and upgrading high academic and training results. Therefore, in order to develop cultural behaviors in school, it is necessary to pay attention to raising students' awareness not only about cultural behaviors in school standards, but also about the meaning of school cultural acts for qualities of teachers in the future. 2.2.2.3. Students' perceptions of the need for the standards of school culture behavior Table 3. Students' perceptions of the need for the standards of school culture behavior Order Standards of school culture behavior Level of need (%) �̅� SD Rank 1 2 3 4 5 1 Maintain morality, personality 1,1 0,6 1,9 32,8 63,6 4,57 0,67 1 2 Speak and act with control 0,6 0,9 7,2 51,5 39,8 4,29 0,69 6 3 Respect the personality, interests and habits of others 1,1 1,5 10,4 53,4 33,5 4,17 0,76 8 4 Wearing appropriate outfits 1,1 1,7 9,1 55,3 32,8 4,17 0,75 8 5 Behave properly in communication 0,8 1,1 4,7 42,2 51,1 4,42 0,71 3 6 Effort, perseverance in learning and practicing 0,6 1,7 4,9 40,0 52,8 4,43 0,72 2 7 Actively participating in collective activities 1,1 1,9 15,2 57,8 24,1 4,02 0,76 10 8 Comply with all the rules where you study and practice 0,4 1,1 7,4 53,4 37,7 4,27 0,68 7 9 Preserve and protect public property 0,6 0,9 4,9 53,8 39,8 4,31 0,66 4 Nguyen Thuy Quynh 78 10 Appreciate and protect the environment and pedagogical landscape 0,6 0,9 6,3 52,8 39,4 4,30 0,68 5 The research results showed that most students highly appreciate the role and necessity of cultural behaviors in school standards with an average of 4.02 to 4.57 points. The standards that students’ score high for necessity were: "Maintain morality, personality" �̅� = 4.57; “Effort, perseverance in learning and practicing” and “Behave properly in communication” with �̅� = 4.43 and 4.42. As such, most students were quite well aware of the need for cultural behaviors in school standards. However, the data table also showed that there were very important standards such as "Active participation in collective activities" and "Wearing appropriate outfits", the average score was not high. There was still a part of students who were not aware of the cultural behaviors in school that needed to be trained. This showed us that it was necessary to raise students' awareness of academic culture standards in different ways. 2.2.2.4. Practice of the routes of cultural behaviors in school education for pedagogical students In order to understand the reality of applying awareness methods to students about cultural behaviors in school, we surveyed three levels of effectiveness: Effective/ Normal/Ineffective. Table 4. The routes of raising awareness of cultural behaviors in school for pedagogical students Raising awareness of cultural behaviors in school’s routes % �̅� SD Rank Inefficient Normal Effective 1. Integrating content with subjects in class 27.8 16.4 55.8 1.77 0.558 7 2. Through regular pedagogical training activities 0.0 10.5 89.5 2.90 0.308 1 3. Through activities of the Youth Union 4.0 17.7 78.2 2.74 0.524 2 4. Through the student club activities 30.7 19.6 49.7 2.19 0.564 5 5. Through training and pedagogic exercises 4.0 25.8 70.2 2.66 0.554 3 6. Through self-training and self- education activities of students 18.8 29.8 51.4 2.32 0.681 4 7. Through the topic of cultural behavioral education for pedagogical students 30.5 24.2 45.3 2.15 0.621 6 The table showed that the three paths that were considered to be the most effective in raising students' awareness about cultural behaviors in school were "through regular pedagogical training", “through Youth Union activities” and “through training and practice sessions”. Obviously, these were the three most typical and most effective activities in the education of cultural behaviors in school for students. However, this result also showed that the measures often focus on the traditional ones, which were difficult to control and assess the quality of students' learning. Other avenues such as “through topics of cultural and behavioral education for pedagogical students”, “integration with classroom subjects” and “through student clubs” were less appreciated for their effectiveness. It could be said that although the universities of education had paid attention to the education of cultural behaviors in school for students, the methods were not abundant and Methods to raise student’s awareness of cultural behaviors in school 79 attractive. Therefore, in many cases, these methods were difficult to attract student’s participation. 2.2.2.5. Experimenting methods of cultural behaviors in school education for pedagogical students In order to verify the scientifically of the hypothesis and the possibility of methods of cultural behaviors in school education for pedagogical students, we have carried out the experiment for students of Hanoi University of Education. In this article, we focus on analyzing the method of integrating the content of school culture with the basic subject - Pedagogy. Time for carrying out the experiment: From September 2018 to December 2018. We used methods involving investigation, external impacts and comparison. While groups of students to compare still received ordinary education as usual, students as subjects were equipped with knowledge about cultural behaviors in school, engaged in related activities based on topics that are designed and organized logically and appropriately. Once the experiment ended, we analyzed and synthesized the outcomes of both groups of students. Organizing cultural behaviors in school education for pedagogical students with topics that were designed: - Cultural behaviors in school in dealing with oneself: • Topic 1. Pers