Unit 2 - Relationship

RELATIONSHIP UNIT OBJECTIVES Unit 2: Relationship 33ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 At the end of this unit, students will be able to: • Use vocabulary relating to the topic (relationships, linking or not linking someone, family, getting together… ) • Pronounce strong and weak auxiliaries, sentence stress • Make a conversation • Develop listening, reading and speaking skills via practical exercises relating to this topic OVERVIEW PRONUNCIATION • Strong and weak auxiliaries • Sentence stress • Making conversation WARMING UP • Relationships between people • Ways people keep in touch with other GRAMMAR • Relative clauses • Some special uses of relative pronouns in re strictive clauses VOCABULARY Vocabulary about relationship READING • Sending E-Cards • Easy ways to keep in touch LISTENING • Making conversation • Relationships • International friendship club WRITING Write a message SPEAKING • Making conversation • Make a list of tips on How to 1 4 2 5 3 6 KEY 987 DURATION (12 PERIODS) 34 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 family father- son teacher-student friend boss- staff colleagues A. What are the relationship between those people? Match the word in the boxwith suitable picture below. B. Choose an action that you often do to keep in touch with other people? 1. 2. 3. . 4. 5 6. 1. Sending e-card 2. Send text message 3. Telephone 4. Chat on the internet 35 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Relative clauses give us more information about the person, animal or thing we are talking about. They begin with a relative pronoun like who, whom that, which and whose or a relative adverb like where and when. We use • Who or that to talk about people Example: Is he the man who sold you the tickets? He’s the lifeguard that saved my life. • Whose to say that something belongs to someone. Example: That’s the photographer whose photos I admire. • That or which to talk about animal or things. Example: The dogs that work with the police are well trained. The clock which hangs on my wall is an antique. • Where to talk about places. Example: This is the café where I first met him. • When to talk about time Example: I moved here when I was five years old. • In American English, whom is not used very often. "Whom" is more formal than "who" and is very often omitted while speaking: However, "whom" may not be omitted if preceded by a preposition because the relative pronoun functions as the object of the preposition: Example: The visitor for whom you were waiting has arrived. Notes: Relative pronouns can be left out when they are the object of the relative clause. Example: The main circuit board (which/that) you have inside your system is called the motherboard. 1. Defining relative clauses We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the animal, person or thing we are talking about. Without the information in a defining relative clauses, the sentence would not make sense. We do not use commas in this type of clause. Example: He’s the man who/ that lent me this umbrella. There is a hotel that/ which has some rooms under the sea. 2. Non- defining relative clauses We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person, A. Relative clauses 36 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 PRACTICE – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH Match half of the sentence in column A with half of the sentence in column B to make a complete and meaningful sentence. animal or thing we are talking about. This information is not essential to the meaning of the sentence. Non-defining relative clauses are separated from the main sentence by commas. Non-defining relative clauses begin with who (for people), which (for things or ideas), whose (for possession), when (for time) and where (for location). We do not use that in non-defining relative clauses. Example: Mr. Jones, who teaches at my son’s school, is a member of the drama group. Rembrandt, whose paintings are extremely valuable now, was Dutch. 3. Some special uses of relative pronouns in restrictive clauses that / who When referring to people, both that and who can be used in informal language. "That" may be used to refer to the characteristics or abilities of an individual or a group of people: Example: He is the kind of person that/who will never let you down. However, when speaking about a particular person in formal language, who is preferred: Example: The old lady who lives next door is a teacher. that / which There are several cases when that is more appropriate than which: 1) After the pronouns "all," "any(thing)," "every(thing)," "few," "little," "many," "much," "no(thing)," "none," "some(thing)": Example: The police usually ask for every detail that helps identify the missing person. 2) After the noun modified by an adjective in the superlative degree: Example: This is the best resource that I have ever read! 1 A B 1. Isn’t he the singer a. who plays the piano really well? 2. I met an actor b. whose father is a famous singer? 3. What’s the name of the writer c. whose classes are always full? 4. Aren’t they the musicians d. whose book was a best – seller last year? 5. She’s the professor e. who has appeared in hundreds of movies. 6. I have never seen a movie f. is one I can recommend. 7. The book that is on my desk g. must be trained very well. 8. The dogs which help the blind h. that contains maps. 9. I can’t tell you anything about the man i. who was a world – famous engineer. 10. Neil Amrstrong and Buzz Aldrich were the men k. that ends as suddenly as that one. 11. This bridge was built by someone g. who walked on the moon in 1969. 37 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Complete the sentences with that/ which/ or where Example: Antarctica is a place ...where.......the temperature is always below freezing. 1. I’ve never been to a country................................it gets so cold. 2. That’s the factory......................they make computers. 3. They cooked a meal ....................................was delicious. 4. There are many subjects...........................i want to study. 5. Isn’t that the documentary.....................won an award last month. 6. We want to go back to the museum..........................we saw some very old books. 7. That was the kind of bicycle....................was common about a century ago. 8. We went to the park................................i had played as a child. Choose the correct answer Example: That’s the zoo which / where have a lot of penguins. 1. Those are the dogs that / who help rescuers find lost climbers. 2. I saw them last month when / where I was in Chicago on business. 3. I know many people who / whose work in the tourist industry. 4. What’s the name of the park which / where you can see wild animal. 5. Van Gogh was a poor artist who / whose paintings are now sold for millions of dollars. 6. That’s the computer which / where I bought last week. 7. He’s a person whose / who work is always done with great care. 8. I’m not the kind of person which / who would be able to run a business. Join the two sentences. More than one answer may be possible. Example: That is the journalist. She won an award last year. → That is the journalist who won an award last year. 1. That’s the restaurant. They serve excellent seafood there. →................................................................................................... 2. Is that the library ? There are over half a million books there. →................................................................................................... 3. We’ve got a really old clock. It was made over a hundred years ago. →................................................................................................................ 4. I met some people. Their next – door neighbor is a famous writer. →............................................................................................................ 5. Iris is the woman. She can make amazing shapes and figures with sand. →.................................................................................................................... 6. Did you visit the museum? It has a huge dinosaur skeleton. →.................................................................................................... 7. It happened earlier that year. I didn’t have my own car then. →..................................................................................................... 3 4 2 38 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Choose the correct answer. If no word is needed, choose -. Example. That’s the dentist..............will always see you in an emergency. A. whose B. which C. who 1. It’s a building.........is triangular in shape. A. - B. where C. that 2. I can’t find the book............you want. A. where B. - C. whose 3. We stayed in a hotel.............you can have breakfast. A. - B. which. C. where 4. There are two people.....advice I always take. A. whose B. who C. that 5. Your idea was the one............I liked the best. A. - B. what C. who 6. That’s the village..........some people speak an ancient language. A. who B. where C. that Here is a scale showing closeness and distance in relationships in different contexts. CLOSER MORE DISTANT Friendship: best friend good friend friend acquaintance Work: close colleague colleague/workmate Love/romance: lover steady boy/girlfriend ex-* Marriage: wife/husband/partner ex-* (*) ex- can be used with or without (informally) another word: She’s my ex, (girlfriend, etc.) Use words with the suffix – mate to rewrite these sentences. a. This is Jack. He and I share a flat. b. My granddad still writes to his old friends he was at sea with. c. We were in the same class together in 1978, weren’t we? d. She’s not really a friend; she’s just someone I work with. How many relationships can you find between the people in column A and column B? Example: John Silver and Lorna Fitt were once colleagues. 5 1 2 A. Types of relationships A B John Silver: owns a language school for business people in Bath. Worked at the Sun School, Oxford, 1984-5. Nora Costa: was in UK Olympic swimming team in 1982. Was in same class at school as Ada Brigg. Josh Yates: politician, was married to Eve Cobb 1973 – 1980. Met Bill Nash a couple of times. Bill Nash: works every day with John Silver. Shared a flat years ago with Eve Cobb. 39 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Positive or negative? Write P or N. a. She was full of resentment. ........................ b. He was very complimentary. ........................ c. She did it behind my back. ........................ d. She can stick up for herself. ........................ e. He was hostile. ........................ f. Things have settled down. ........................ Complete the words in the text with a suitable word in the box below. sticking tough resented complimentary inevitably strain hostility Martin had been a top designer, and his boss had always been very .............1 about his work. It was, therefore, a nasty shock when he was made redundant. Martin .............2 the fact that he was chosen because he was the youngest, but he was even more shocked by his wife’s .................3. She blamed Martin for not ...................4 up for himself, and this fact, on top of the loss of his income, ...................5 put a big ....................6 on their relationship. They would need to make some .................7 decisions about the future. core verb positive negative like love adore dislike hate worship idolize can’t stand loathe respect look up to admire look down on despise attract turn sb on repel turn sb off be attracted to fancy Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in CAPITALS. a. He was so .......................... COURAGE b. He’s very .......................... man. HUMILITY c. She showed great ........................... BRAVE d. He’s an .......................... leader. INSPIRATION e. She has such........................... DIGNIFIED f. I .......................... him. IDOL A B Ada Brigg: was married to Bill Nash 1981- 4. Swam for Britain in 1982 Olympics. Fred Parks: politician. Knew Ada Brigg years ago, but not very well. Ana Wood: has lived as a couple (unmar- ried) with Bill Nash for the last five years. Lorna Fitt: taught at Sun School Oxford 1980-7. Lives with Josh Yates. 3 4 1 B. Like and Dislike someone 40 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Rewrite the sentences starting with the words given. The meaning must stay the same. a. I admired my father. I looked ........................... b. I want to do the same work as him. I want to follow ........................... c. Why did she criticize him? Why did she have ..........................? d. He was dedicated to helping the poor. He dedicated .......................... e. She inspired me. She was .......................... f. Paula worshipped him. He was ........................... Complete the sentences with a suitable word in the box. idealist rebel bully gossip snob a. He looks down in other people. He’s a ........................ b. She’s always talking about others behind their back. She’s a ........................ c. She’s against anyone in a position of power or authority. She’s a ........................ d. He’s horrible to anyone he sees as smaller or weaker. He’s a ........................ e. She believes everything in the world can be perfect. She’s an ........................ get on well with sb = have a good relationship do not see eye to eye = often argue/disagree fall out with sb = have arguments break up/split up = end the relationship have an affair with sb = have a sexual relationship, usually secret make it up = be friends again after a row The person who typed this book has got some of the phrases and idioms opposite mixed up with one another. Correct them. a. Jo and Phil don’t get on eye to eye with each other. b. I fell up with my parents last night. It wasn’t my fault. c. We had a quarrel but now we’ve made it well. d. Do you think Jim and Nora are making an affair? I do, e. I see very well with all my colleagues at work. f. She should learn to respect her olders. g. Jo’s attractive, but her mate just turns me up completely. 2 3 1 C. Phrases and idioms for relationships 41 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Say whether these statements are true or false. Tick (v) the boxes. Rewrite the sentences using an appropriate form of the word in brackets. Example: Lily is not Tom’s girlfriend any more. (ex-) Lily is Tom’s ex-girlfriend. a. Jason and I study together and go to the same classes. (-mate) b. I’m sorry, I dislike Nance intensely. (stand) c. They live together but they are not married. (partner) d. She’s had a lot of arguments with her colleagues again. (fall out) e. I think Richard is in a relationship with his best friend’s wife. (affair) Change the words underlined to give the sentences the opposite meaning. Example: I like people who smoke in public places. I hate people who smoke. a. I respect my boss, even though most of my colleagues feel the opposite. b. Maria’s his current girlfriend. He has so many and changes them so often it’s difficult to know who is who. c. He’s senior to her in terms of length of service, so the promotion is not surprising. d. I loathe people who devote their whole life to working and studying. e. She’s not a particularly special friend of mine. Which of the people in A take part in the events in B? Discuss in pairs. (There may be several answers.) 2 3 4 1 T/F Example: A ‘colleague’ means someone I share a house or a flat with. F 1. ‘An acquaintance of mine’ means ‘someone I work with’. 2. ‘Workmate’ is less formal than ‘colleague’. 3. ‘Husband/wife-to-be’ is often seen in newspapers. 4. ‘Partner’ means someone you are in business with, not someone you live with. 5. ‘To worship’ and ‘to idolise’ can mean ‘to like or love somebody’ very much indeed’. 6. A steady boy/girlfriend is just a casual, occasional relationship. 7. If you fancy someone, you find them attractive. 8. ‘To look up to someone’ is the opposite of ‘to look down on someone’. 9. If you feel repelled by someone, you find them attractive. 10. If you despise someone, you don’t like or respect them at all. D. Getting together A B Boyfriend and girlfriend An appointment Business associates A blind date Clients A business meeting Colleagues A celebration meal Delegates A conference 42 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 Which of these verbs can you use with the events in B in exercise 1? Have An appointment Make An appointment Go on Attend The words in column A are the first halves of common expression used in describing families and relationships. Match words from column A and B to make the common expressions. Check meaning in a dictionary if necessary. A B 1. wedding a) family 2. married b) status 3. best c) parent 4. maternity d) ring 5. extended e) couple 6. family f) leave 7. marital g) friend 8. single h) tree Complete the word groups below. 2 1 2 E. Family A B Ex-classmates A date Friends A dinner party Guests A family get-together Neighbours A housewarming party Political leaders A school reunion Relatives A summit meeting Speaker Strangers marital status a) b) c) mar _ _ ed en _ _ _ ed d _ _ _ _ed w _ _ _ _ed s _ _ _ e nuclear family m _ _ _ s _ _ _ (s) b _ _ _ _(s) f _ _ _ _ relatives by marriage b _ _ _ _ _ en _ _ _ ed d _ _ _ _ed s _ _ _ _ _ 43 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 In a full sentence auxiliary verbs are not normally stressed. Often a weak form or a contraction is used. Listen and practice. When the auxiliary is used for emphasis or stand alone without a main verb, it is never weak. Often it is stressed. Listen and practice. Listen and practice the dialogues, pronouncing the auxiliaries correctly. 1. Listen to the sentence below. Notice how the most important words are stressed, and where the speaker pauses (//). An Australian woman travelling home from Melbourne // was driving down a narrow road on dark evening // when she entered a tunnel. 2. Listen to the next sentence and underline the stressed words. Although a little surprised at this // as she had not noticed a tunnel on that route before // she carried on. 3. Which words do you think will be stressed in this sentence? Listen and check. But after half an hour of twisting and turning // she ran out of petrol. 4. Practice reading the three sentences together, paying attention to the stress. Mark the sentences S if they are useful for starting a conversation and E if they are useful for ending a conversation. a. Nice to meet you. Did you have a comfortable flight? b. Leave me alone, will you? c. Hi! What are you doing here? d. OK, I’ll let you get on. A. Strong and weak auxiliaries B. Sentence stress C. Making conversation /də/ Do you want to hear it? John, you’re not listening to me. /ə/ Are you still going out with your sister tonight? Of course I do. I am listening, darling. I think I am. She hasn’t phoned yet. 1 2 3 1 44 Unit 2: Relationship ENG102_Bai 2_v1.0010112202 e. Well, I’d better be off. f. Execuse me, could you help me? g. Anyway, it’s been nice seeing you again. h. Sorry to disturb you. i. Welcome to Canada … is this your first visit here? j. Right, I’d better get back to work. Listen and mark the sentences P if they sound polite, C for casual but friendly, and R for rude. Intonation is important if you want to sound polite. Whe