Unit 3 - Living condition

59 Unit 3: Living condition ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 UNIT OBJECTIVES LIVING CONDITION At the end of this unit, students will be able to: • Use vocabulary relating to the topic (living conditions, towns, countryside, facilities …) • Pronounce word stress, ’ll or ’d form and rhyming words • Use conditional sentences type 1, 2 and 3 • Develop listening, reading and speaking skills via practical exercises relating to this topic OVERVIEW DURATION (12 PERIODS) WARMING UP • Places which people belong to. • Where do you like living: in the city or in the countryside? GRAMMAR • Conditional sentences: Real con- ditional sentence, unreal condi- tional sentence at present, unreal conditional sentence in the past) • Comparison of conditional sen- tences type I, II, III VOCABULARY Vocabulary about living conditions PRONUNCIATION • Word stress • ’ll or ’d form • Rhyming sounds LISTENING • How socially responsible are you • Advantages of city life and country life • Coping with stress READING • The farming life for me • Tales of two cities SPEAKING • City profiles • Your country KEY WRITING Write a letter to a friend about your vacation on your ant’s farm. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 60 Unit 3: Living condition Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the conditional clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional Sentences. FIRST CONDITIONAL (REAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE) FORM Example: If he works too hard, he will get tired. ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 A. Conditional sentences B. Where do you like living: in the city or in the countryside? Why? A. To which place the following things or people belong? In the city In the countryside? - - - - Skyscraper Cinema Milk cow Rice field Night club Farm house Farmer Office worker 1 If + S1+ V(simple present), S1 + will + V(infinitive) 61 Unit 3: Living condition USES • We use the first conditional to talk about something that will probably happen. Example: If I have to work late, I won’t be able to go out tonight. • When we ask a question in the first conditional, we use the question form in the result clause. The if clause does not change. Example: If you get the job, will you have to move? PRACTICE Complete the following sentences in the First conditional. Example: If I stop eating sweets, I will lose weight. (I/lose weight) 1. If they move to the city,................................... (they/ be much happier). 2. If I lend you my jacket,.....................................? (you/ give it back tomorrow) 3. If she gets up early, .......................................... (she/ make breakfast). 4. If you drink too much coffee............................. (you/ not be able to sleep well). 5. If the boss yells at her, ...................................... (she/ get upset). 6. If it rains tomorrow, .......................................... ( we not play tennis). 7. If you earn some extra money, ...........................? (you/ take us out for dinner) 8. If we leave right now, ........................................ (we/ catch the last train home). Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses. Example: If we win our next game, we will be in the finals. (win) 1. If he................... that watch, he won’t have any money left. (buy) 2. If you.................. your medicine, you won’t get better. (not take) 3. They.................... on vacation if she gets a new job. (not go) 4. If I have to wait much longer, I..................... very happy. (not be) 5. .............................. her if I give you her number? (you/ call) 6. If he...................... comedies, he won’t like this movie. (not enjoy) 7. If he...................... that spicy food, he will need to drink lots of water. (eat) 8. If there is no gas in the car, it...................... (not start). 9. I’m sure he will help you if you.................. nicely. ( ask) 10. You..................... wet if you go out in this weather. (get). ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 Notes: We can use unless in the first conditional to mean if not. Example: Unless you go to the doctor, you won’t know what medicine to take. → (if you don’t go to the doctor, you won’t know what medicine to take). Unless it snows a lot, we won’t be able to go skiing. → (If it doesn’t snow a lot, we won’t be able to go skiing). 1 2 62 Unit 3: Living condition Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type I. Example: Thomas ................. (not/to catch) the bus if he ................. (to get up) late. → Thomas won't catch the bus if he gets up late. 1. If you ................. (to dive) into this river, you ................. (to hurt) yourself. 2. If the sun ................. (to shine), the children ................. (to play) outside. 3. Richard ................. (to walk) to school if he ................. (to miss) the bus. 4. Emily ................. (to buy) the cola if you ................. (to pack) the picnic basket. 5. If I ................. (to be) in Venice, I ................. (to rent) a boat. 6. Michael's teacher ................. (to phone) his parents if he ................. (to write) text messages during the lesson. 7. If she .................(to answer) this question correctly, she................. (to get) an extra point. 8. My sister ................. (to be) angry if I ................. (to turn) on the music too loud. 9. Your room .............. (to look) much tidier if you ......... (to keep) your hamster in the cage. 10. If we ................. (to surf) the Internet, we ................. (to find) a lot of information about Loch Ness. Complete the sentences with unless. Use the words from the box. Example: Unless it escapes, the dog won’t bite any more. 1. ..........................................................., you won’t really understand the movie. 2. ..........................................................., you will have problems with your teeth. 3. ..........................................................., there won’t be enough for everyone at the picnic. 4. ..........................................................., he won’t succeed. 5. ..........................................................., you won’t know how to operate the equipment. 6. ..........................................................., she won’t get another one. 7. ..........................................................., he will feel very tired tomorrow. 8. ..........................................................., you won’t be able to speak to him today. SECOND CONDITIONAL (UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE AT PRESENT) FORM USES We use the second conditional: • To talk about something that is impossible Example: If I were the boss, I would give everyone a pay rise. • To talk about something that is possible but unlikely. Example: If I sold my house, I would buy a very expensive car. • To give advice, usually with the phrase If I were you,... Example: If I were you, I would eat less fast food. ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 3 3 accept this offer read the book first do his best get enough sleep tonight call him immediately take your dentist advice bring some food read the instruction escape 2 If + S1+ V(simple past), S2 + would + V(infinitive) 63 Unit 3: Living condition PRACTICE Complete the sentences with the second conditional Example: If he ate fewer sweets, he wouldn’t have so many problems with his teeth. (eat, not have) 1. If I................. more time, I .................... and watch the movie with you. (have, stay). 2. If I................. you, I.................... for some advice. ( be, ask) 3. The team................. if all the players....................... harder. (improve, train) 4. If you...................... to work every day, it................... you more. (drive, cost) 5. You......................... so cold if you............................... warmer clothes. (not feel, wear) 6. If we............... our own vegetables, we........................ money. (grow, save) 7. If she............... earlier, she.................... have breakfast at home. (get up, be able to) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence - type II. Example: If I ................. (to go) to the café, I ................. milk. (not/to drink) →If I went to the café, I would not drink milk. 1. If Oliver ............... (to find) money, he ............... (not/to keep) it. 2. If they ............... (not/to wear) pullovers in the mountains, it ............... (to be) too cold during the night. 3. If Tony ............... (to know) her phone number, he ............... (not/to give) it to Frank. 4. If we ............... (not/to visit) this museum, you ............... (not/to write) a good report. 5. If it ............... (not/to be) so late, we ............... (to play) a game of chess. 6. If Jeff ...............(not/to like) Jessica, he ............... (not/to buy) her an ice-cream. 7. If I ............... (to be) you, I ............... (not/to go) to Eric's party. 8. If you ...............(to drop) this bottle, it ............... (not/to break). THIRD CONDITIONAL (UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCE IN THE PAST) FORM USES • We use the third conditional to talk about something that might have happened if the past had been different. This sometimes means criticizing people or pointing out their mistakes. Example: If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the last train. • We can also use the third conditional to express regret about the past. Example: If I hadn’t fallen ill and missed the interview, I would have got the job. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses. Use a comma where necessary. Example: If we hadn’t taken a map, we would have gotten lost. (we get lost) 1. If it hadn’t rained............................................................... (we play tennis) 2. She would have forgiven you............................................. (you apologize immediately) 3. I wouldn’t have forgotten about the meeting...................... (you remind me) ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 1 2 3 If + S1 + V(past perfect), S2 + would + have + V(past participle) 1 64 Unit 3: Living condition 4. If I had broken the window..................................... (I pay for a new one) 5. You would have missed your flight......................... ( I not wake you up) 6. If he hadn’t made a reservation................................ (we not eat at that restaurant) 7. If the suit hadn’t been so expensive.......................... ( I buy it) 8. You wouldn’t have been able to move those boxes........................ (Tom not help you) Complete the sentences with the third conditional Example: If I had met him, I would have remembered. (meet, remember) 1. If Carol.................... for the job, she........................ it. (apply, get) 2. If they...................... for a raise, the boss................. them one. (not ask, not give) 3. I............................... shopping for you if I............... enough time. (go, have) 4. She......................... more races if she..................... training earlier. (win, start) 5. If you...................... about the chicken, you............. it. (not forget, not burn) COMPARISON OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE I, II, III. FURTHER PRACTICE Choose the correct answer Example: If I had chosen the gray suit, I wouldn’t have had any money left. 1. He would have/ has complained if the food had been cold. 2. If I have/ had his phone number, I would give it to you. 3. Unless/ If she makes progress, she won’t pass the final test. 4. If the game had started/ started earlier, I would have bought tickets for it. 5. You won’t be able to get into the office unless I will give/ give you a key. 6. If you rode/ have ridden a bicycle every day, you would be as fit as me. 7. He would have/ would cut himself if he had fallen on the broken glass. 9. If you are rude to him, he wouldn’t/ won’t stay long. Rewrite the following sentences Example: It was sunny yesterday, so we went for a swim. → If it hadn’t been sunny yesterday, we wouldn’t have gone for a swim. ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 2 1 2 4 If- clause Main clause verb condition modal/verb result Type 1 present simple possible and likely (future) will/can/must/shall + infinitive present or future Type 2 past simple possible but unlikely/ impossible (future) would/could/should/mi- ght + infinitive present or future Type 3 past perfect Impossible (it’s in the past) Would/could/should/mi- ght + present perfect past 65 Unit 3: Living condition 1. I didn’t save money, so I didn’t go on vacation. → If I had saved enough money........................................................ 2. He won’t help you if you don’t pay him. → He won’t help you unless.............................................................. 3. I don’t eat a lot of junk food, so I am healthy. → If I ate a lot of junk food, I............................................................ 4. She isn’t able to get a promotion because she doesn’t speak English. → She would be able to get a promotion if she................................... 5. I forgot to set my alarm clock, so I slept until 10 o’clock. → I wouldn’t have slept until 10 o’clock if.......................................... Put the verb in parentheses in the correct form. 1. If I was offered the job, I think I ......................... (take) it. 2. If she ......................... (be) hungry, she would eat something. 3. If he studied, he ......................... (pass) the exam. 4. I ......................... (send) you a postcard, if I had your address. 5. What ................. (happen), if you didn´t go to work tomorrow? 6. If she has enough money, she ................. (buy) a new car. 7. What will John do, if he ......................... (not get) the job? 8. She would be terribly upset, if I ......................... (lose) her ring. 9. Many people would be out of work, if the factory ................... (close) down. 10. What would you do, if you ..................... (be) the president of your country? 11. If he hurried, he ......................... (catch) the train. 12. If he ......................... (have) time, he will come. 13. If he ......................... (ring) the bell, the waiter would come. 14. If I have some money I ......................... (buy) a new car. 15. If I ........................... (work) harder I will pass the exam. Combine words from the left and right to form common compound words and phrases ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 3 A. Living in the city 1 1. rush a. building 2. traffic b. life 3. night c. rate 4. cost d. hour 5. crime e. park 6. shopping f. of living 7. high-rise g. congestion 8. car h. centre 66 Unit 3: Living condition Complete the dialogues in a suitable way by using the words/ phrases below. A: The town is full of people from different countries and cultures B: Yes, it’s very cosmopolitan. A: There are cinemas, theatres, museums, art galleries and everything. B: Yes, I know there are lots of ....................................2. A: There’s a ....................................3 of shops. B: Oh yes. You can buy ..................4 you want. A: There’s plenty to do in the evening. B: Yes, the ..................5 is great. A: There’s a better chance of finding work. B: Yes, there are more job .......................6. A: The transport system has to ..................7 with the people who live in the country but work in town. B: Yes, I know, there are too many ..................8. Complete this table of opposite Fill the gaps with the correct adverb or preposition. 1. Have you ever lived ..................... the country? 2. I grew ..................... in a small village. 3. Have you ever worked ..................... a farm? 4. It’s wonderful to be surrounded .....................nature. 5. I love the pace ........................ life in a small village. 6. The best thing ........................ the countryside is that people are very friendly. ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 2 whatever cosmopolitan nightlife opportunities cope cultural activities wide range commuters 1 Towns and cities Villages in the countryside noisy quiet and peaceful clean air safe not much traffic nothing to do in the evening B. Life in the countryside 3 67 Unit 3: Living condition Complete this text with suitable words. We opened this .........................1, said ‘hello’ to the man on the ........................2, and then followed the ....................3 across the ......................4 and down into the .......................5. We stopped and had a picnic by the river. Afterwards we walked up through the .........................6 and came to a .........................7 where we stopped and bought some bread. Fill the gaps with a suitable word. 1. Another word for the ‘country’ is the .................. 2. Another word for ‘farming’ is ................... 3. Wheat, rice and potatoes are all examples of .................. that farmers grow. 4. The opposite of an ‘urban area’ is a .................. area. 5. A place smaller than a town is called a ................... 6. An area where trees grow, smaller than a forest, is called a ................... 7. A .................. is often quite small, and it’s the type of house you find in the country. 8. Buses and trains are examples of public ................... Fill the gaps with a suitable word. The best ..................1 about living in the country is that: • There’s peace and ..................2 • You get ..................3 air • You are ..................4 by nature • The ..................5of life is slower and more relaxed The ..................6 thing about living in the country is that: • There are no cinemas and discos, so there isn’t much ..................7 • Everyone knows what you are doing, so there isn’t much ..................8 Problems in towns Towns also have their own special problems. Here are some to be found in London now. Traffic jams: every day, particularly in the rush-hour, the streets get so packed with traffic that travel is very slow or even comes to a standstill. This is particularly stressful for commuters, people who travel to work in the town. Slums: certain parts of the city which are poor and in a very bad condition Vandalism: pointless destruction of other people’s property Overcrowding: too many people live in too small a place Pollution: the air and the water are no longer as pure as they were Crime: burglary, shoplifting, kidnapping, smuggling Match the words in bold above with the correct pictures. ENG103_Bai 3_v1.0010112202 3 4 village field valley woods gate footpath tractor C. Towns 1 2 68 Unit 3: Living condition Facilities Towns can be convenient places to live in because they have many facilities. Check with a teacher or a dictionary if you are not sire what anything means. Sports: swimming pool/sports centre/golf course/tennis courts/football pitch/skating rink Cultural: theatre/opera house /concert hall/radio station/art gallery Educational: school/college/university/library/evening classes /museum Catering and night-life: restaurant/café/nightclub/take-away/hotel/B and B (bed and break- fast/youth hostel/dance-hall/disco Transport: bus service/taxi rank/car hire agency/car park/ parking meters Other: health centre/law courts/registry office/citizen’s advice bureau/job centre/police station Town or City Hall/suburbs/housing estate/ind