Bài giảng Management information systems - Module A: Computer Hardware and Software

Extended Learning Module AComputer Hardware and SoftwareINTRODUCTIONInformation technology – any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organizationSix Categories of HardwareKeyboard (input)CDs (storage)Video card (connecting)CPUCable modem (telecommunications)Monitor (output)Two Major Categories of SoftwareApplication software – to solve specific problems or perform specific tasksSystem software – handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devicesTwo main types of system softwareOperating system softwareUtility softwareCOMPUTER CATEGORIES (BY SIZE)Tablet PCSmartphoneNotebookCOMPUTER CATEGORIES (BY SIZE)MinicomputersMainframeSupercomputerHARDWARE – PHYSICAL INTERFACERepresentation of informationBinary digit (bit) – smallest unit of information your computer can processByte – eight bits or the number of bits it takes to represent one natural character ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) – coding system that personal computers use Common Input DevicesCommon Output DevicesCommon Storage DevicesFlash Memory CardsFlash memory drive – very small storage device that plugs into USB portFlash memory card – high capacity storage laminated inside a small piece of plastic Secure Digital (SD) card – most popular type of flash memory cardsMicro SD cards – often used in smartphones and tabletsCPU and RAMCPU and Ram at WorkConnectors and PortsWireless ConnectionsInfrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association) – uses red light to send and receive informationBluetooth – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feetWiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE 802.11a, b, g or n – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles