Bài giảng Medical Assisting - Chapter 22: Preparing the Examination and Treatment Area

Medical Assisting Chapter 22PowerPoint® to accompany Second EditionRamutkowski  Booth  Pugh  Thompson  WhickerChapterCopyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.1Preparing the Examinationand Treatment AreaObjectives22-1 Explain the medical assistant’s role in preparing the examination room.22-2 Describe the layout and features of a typical examination room.22-3 Describe steps to prevent the spread of infection in the examination room.22-4 Explain how and when to disinfect examination room surfaces.2Objectives (cont.)22-5 Describe the importance of such factors as temperature, lighting, and ventilation in the examination room.22-6 Identify instruments and supplies used in a general physical examination, and tell how to arrange and prepare them.22-7 Explain how to eliminate hazards to physical safety in the examination room.Preparing the Examinationand Treatment Area3The Medical Assistant’s Role inPreparing the Examination RoomMaintain neatness and cleanliness of the room.Ensure that all supplies and equipment needed are present for the physician’s use.Make certain that potential safety hazards are eliminated.SafetyEfficiencyComfort4The Examination RoomThe area where the physician:Observes the patientListens to patient symptomsPerforms a general physical examinationNumber and Size of RoomsDepends on the number of physicians in the medical practiceAverage size room is 8 X 12 ft.Rooms should be large enough for patient, physician and medical assistant yet small enough to have supplies within reach.The Medical Assistant’s Role inPreparing the Examination Room (cont.)5FurnishingsShould be arranged for:EfficiencyPatient ComfortPhysician ConvenienceCommon Items Found In Examination Rooms One or more chairs A rolling stool Weight scale Biohazard container Puncture proof containers Wall brackets High intensity lamp6Special FeaturesThe 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that ‘reasonable accommodations” be made for the disabled.Doorway must be at least 36 inches wide.Space in rooms and hallways must be at least 60 inches wide.Slip-resistant floor.Must have door opening hardware that can be grasped.Door closers adjusted to allow entry and exit time.Grab bars must be present in lavatories.ADA AccessibilityGuidelines7Cleanliness in the Examination RoomInfection ControlRemember to:Keep examining table cleanMake hand washing a priorityDisinfect all work surfacesHand WashingWash Hands:At the beginning of the dayBefore and after contact each patientBefore and after using glovesBefore and after eatingAfter coughing or blowing your noseBefore handling clean or sterile equipmentBefore leaving for the day8Examining TableAlways change the disposable paper that covers the examination table after each use.Dispose of paper coverings soiled by body fluids in a biohazardous waste container.Also place soiled linens and pillowcases in biohazard-labeled bags.Cleanliness in the Examination Room (cont.)9SurfacesDisinfect work surfaces such as the:Sink & CountertopsWastebasketsExamination TableToiletsStorageStore biohazardous specimens properly.Store “testing kits” according to protocol. Many test kits require refrigeration.Cleanliness in the Examination Room (cont.)10Putting the Room in OrderA neatly arranged room boosts patient confidence of medical personnel efficiency and abilities.HousekeepingMany medical facilities usually contract with janitorial services for after-hours cleaning.The medical assistant may perform chores such as dusting surfaces since dust harbors bacteria and allergens.Cleanliness in the Examination Room (cont.)11A medical assistant at a busy Pediatrician Office notices a foul odor in two of the patient examination rooms. After careful inspection, the medical assistant finds soiled diapers in the biohazardous containers of both rooms. How would you handle this situation? Apply Your Knowledge12A medical assistant at a busy pediatrician office notices a foul odor in two of the patient examination rooms. After careful inspection, the medical assistant finds soiled diapers in the biohazardous containers of both rooms. How would you handle this situation? The first priority is to remove the source of odor, then to decontaminate the area. It may also help to designate a separate location in the office for soiled diapers so that parents will know how to dispose of them. Many pediatrician offices have a system in place to prevent such odors in treatment room areas.Apply Your Knowledge - Answer13Room Temperature, Lighting,and VentilationTemperatureBe sure the examination room is warm enough (72°F).LightingLighting is needed to prevent accidents and to make accurate diagnoses.VentilationEnsure that the room smells clean and fresh.14Medical Instruments and SuppliesTo maintain instruments and supplies the medical assistant must:Order and stock all needed supplies.Sanitize, disinfect, and/or sterilize instruments as needed.See that all instruments and supplies are placed within easy reach for the physician.15Instruments Used in a General Physical ExaminationInstrumentPurposeAnoscopeUsed to open the anus for examinationExamination LightProvides additional lightingLaryngeal MirrorReflects inside of mouth and throatNasal SpeculumUsed to enlarge the opening of the noseOphthalmoscopeUsed to examine the inner eye surfacesMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)16Instruments Used in a General Physical ExaminationInstrumentPurposeOtoscopeUsed to examine the inner earPenlightSmall flashlight used to view a small areaReflex HammerUsed to check patient’s reflexesSphygmomanometerUsed to measure blood pressure StethoscopeUsed to listen to body soundsMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)17Instruments Used in a General Physical ExaminationInstrumentPurposeTape MeasureUsed to measure size or development of an areaThermometerUsed to measure body temperatureTuning ForkTests patients’ hearingVaginal SpeculumUsed to enlarge the vagina for specimens from cervix and vaginaMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)18Inspecting and Maintaining InstrumentsBe sure instruments are in good working orderArranging InstrumentsKeep instruments in same location, either: Mounted on wall Out on countertop Set on a clean towel or trayPreparing InstrumentsSome instruments require warmingCleaning InstrumentsPlace used instruments in a container and always handle carefullyMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)19Supplies for a General Physical ExaminationCervical ScraperCotton ballsCotton-tipped applicatorsCurettesDisposable NeedlesDisposable syringesGauze, dressings, and bandagesGlass slidesSterile and clean glovesPaper tissuesOccult blood test slidesSpecimen containersTongue depressorsMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)20Supplies for a General Physical ExaminationConsumable SuppliesSupplies that can be used upStoring SuppliesBe sure to keep needles, medications, and prescription pads locked up and out of patient reachA good rule is to reorder when the first half of a box, tube, or bottle has been used.Restocking SuppliesMedical Instruments and Supplies (cont.)21A medical assistant is preparing the treatment room for a local ENT Specialist. Which of the following instruments might be used in this office to assess patient ear, nose, and throat functioning?Apply Your Knowledgestethoscopenasal speculumreflex hammerotoscopepenlightlaryngeal mirrorophthalmoscopetape measuresphygmomanometertuning forkanoscope22stethoscopenasal speculumreflex hammerotoscopepenlightlaryngeal mirrorophthalmoscopetape measuresphygmomanometertuning forkanoscopeApply Your Knowledge - AnswerA medical assistant is preparing the treatment room for a local ENT Specialist. Which of the following instruments might be used in this office to assess patient ear, nose, and throat functioning?*nasal speculum*otoscope*penlight*laryngeal mirror*ophthalmoscope*tuning fork23Physical Safety in the Examination RoomKeeping the examination room free of hazards is a vital part of a risk management plan.Maintaining a Safe EnvironmentKeep the following areas of the examination room free from potential hazards: Floor Cabinets and Drawers Furniture Cords and Cables24Special Safety PrecautionsChildrenPatients withPhysical DisabilitiesKeep medication and dangerous items out of reachToys should be washable and safeBe sure toys do not have any sharp surfacesSafe flooring and handrails help prevent falls in the reception area, bathroom, hallways, and the examination room. 25Fire SafetyHave a safe evacuation route. Locate area fire extinguishersBe sure to store and dispose hazardous substances. Post “No Smoking” signs in office areas.Fire PreventionIn Case of Fire26The medical assistant has received the recently ordered office cleaning supplies. When unpacking the cleaning solutions for storage, it is apparent that two new disinfectant solutions are present that the medical assistant is unfamiliar with. How should the medical assistant handle this?Store the solutions with the other cleaning solutions in usual cabinet.Lock the new solution up in a separate cabinet.Read the label carefully, and check the MSDS information before storing the liquids.Apply Your Knowledge27Store the solutions with the other cleaning solutions in usual cabinet.Lock the new solution up in a separate cabinet.Read the label carefully, and check the MSDS information before storing the liquids.The medical assistant has received the recently ordered office cleaning supplies. When unpacking the cleaning solutions for storage, it is apparent that two new disinfectant solutions are present that the medical assistant is unfamiliar with. How should the medical assistant handle this?Apply Your Knowledge - Answer28End of ChapterEnd of Chapter29