Bài giảng môn Organizational Behavior - Chapter 9: Personality and Cultural Values

Personality andCultural ValuesChapter 9PersonalityThe structures and propensities inside a person that explain his or her characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviorWhere does your personality come from?PersonalityNature vs. NurtureAre you extraverted or introverted? How does that compare to your parents?Do such similarities represent nature or nurture?PersonalityNature vs. NurtureTwin StudiesScientists study identical twins reared apart in order to separate nature and nurture effectsThis research suggests that between 35% and 49% of the variation in personality is due to geneticsPersonalityWhile we could come up with thousands of adjectives, most of them would cluster around five general dimensions We call these dimensions the “Big Five”How do you score on them?ConscientiousnessRelevant adjectives:Dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, perseveringWhat’s your score?AgreeablenessRelevant adjectives:Kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, warmWhat’s your score?NeuroticismRelevant adjectives:Nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, jealous, unstableWhat’s your score?NeuroticismExtraversionRelevant adjectives:Talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, dominantWhat’s your score?Openness to ExperienceRelevant adjectives:Curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, sophisticatedWhat’s your score?Other Personality VariablesLocus of controlStrongly correlated with neuroticismReflects the distinction between believing that events are driven by luck, chance, or fate, versus people’s own behaviorsOther Personality VariablesMyers-Briggs Type IndicatorExtraversion vs. IntroversionSensing vs. IntuitionThinking vs. FeelingJudging vs. PerceivingOther Personality VariablesThe RIASEC ModelOther Personality VariablesAn increasing number of organizations are attempting to measure “honesty” or “integrity” for use in hiring. Why?Such measures tap three of the Big Five:High conscientiousness Low neuroticism High agreeablenessIntegrity TestsIntegrity TestsThe fact that integrity tests work may be surprising, because we would expect that people would lie about (or at least exaggerate) their integritySuch concerns over “faking” also apply to measures of the Big FiveCultural ValuesShared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given cultureCultural values provide societies with their own distinctive personalitiesCultural ValuesProject GLOBEPower distanceUncertainty avoidanceInstitutional collectivismIngroup collectivismGender egalitarianismAssertivenessFuture orientationPerformance orientationHumane orientationHow Important is Personality?