Bài giảng Organizational Behavior - Chapter 18: Managing Change and Stress

Managing Change and StressChapter EighteenLearning ObjectivesLO.1 Discuss the external and internal forces that create the need for organizational change.LO.2 Describe Lewin’s change model and the systems model of change.LO.3 Discuss Kotter’s eight steps for leading organizational change.LO.4 Define organization development (OD), and explain the OD process.LO.5 Explain the dynamic model of resistance to change.Learning Objectives (cont.)LO.6 Discuss the key recipient and change agent characteristics that cause resistance to change.LO.7 Identify alternative strategies for overcoming resistance to change.LO.8 Define the term stress, and describe the model of occupational stress.LO.9 Discuss the stress moderators of social support, hardiness, and Type A behavior.LO.10 Review the four key stress-reduction techniques and the components of a holistic approach toward stress reduction.The External and Internal Forces for ChangeExternal ForcesDemographic characteristicsTechnological advancementsShareholder, customer and market changesSocial and political pressuresA Generic Typology of Organizational ChangeLewin’s Change ModelBenchmarking the overall process by which a company compares its performance with that of other companies, then learns how the strongest-performing companies achieve their resultsSteps to Leading Organizational ChangeCreating Change Through Organization DevelopmentOrganization Development consists of planned efforts to help persons work and live together more effectively, over time, in their organizationsThe OD ProcessOD Research and Practical ImplicationsPlanned organizational change worksChange programs are more successful when they are geared toward meeting both short-term and long-term resultsOrganizational change is more likely to succeed when top management is truly committed to the change processEffectiveness of OD interventions is affected by cross-cultural considerationsA Dynamic Model of Resistance to ChangeOvercoming Resistance to ChangeResilience to change represents a composite characteristic reflecting high self-esteem, optimism, and an internal locus of control, was positively associated with recipients’ willingness to accommodate or accept a specific organizational changeDefining StressStress an adaptive response, mediated by individual characteristics and/or psychological processes, that is a consequence of any external action, situation, or event that places special physical and/or psychological demands upon a personA Model of Occupational Stress