Bài giảng Organizational Behavior - Chapter 4: International OB: Managing across Cultures

International OB: Managingacross CulturesChapter FourLearning ObjectivesLO.1 Define the term culture, and explain how societal culture and organizational culture combine to influence on-the-job behavior.LO.2 Define ethnocentrism, and explain how to develop cultural intelligence.LO.3 Distinguish between high-context and low-context cultures, and identify and describe the nine cultural dimensions from Project GLOBE.LO.4 Distinguish between individualistic and collectivist cultures, and explain the difference between monochronic and polychronic cultures.Learning Objectives (cont.)LO.5 Specify the practical lesson from the Hofstede cross- cultural study, and explain what Project GLOBE researchers discovered about leadership.LO.6 Discuss the results and practical significance of the recent Bloom and Van Reenen study of national management styles.LO.7 Explain why US managers have a comparatively high failure rate on foreign assignments.LO.8 Summarize the research findings about North American women on foreign assignments.LO.9 Identify four stages of the foreign assignment cycle and the OB trouble spot associated with each stage.Societal Culture Is Complex and MultilayeredSocietal culturea set of beliefs and values about what is desirable and undesirable in a community of people, and a set of formal or informal practices to support the valuesCultural Influences on Organizational BehaviorEthnocentrismEthnocentrism belief that one’s native country, culture, language, and behavior are superior to all others.Cultural Paradoxes Require Cultural IntelligenceCultural intelligence ability to interpret ambiguous cross-cultural situations correctlyContrasting High-Context and Low-Context CulturesProject GLOBEGLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness)attempt to develop an empirically based theory to describe, understand, and predict the impact of specific cultural variables on leadership and organizational processes and the effectiveness of these processesCountries Ranking Highest and Loweston the GLOBE Cultural DimensionsIndividualism versus CollectivismIndividualistic culture characterized as “I” and “me” cultures, give priority to individual freedom and choiceCollectivist culture oppositely called “we” and “us” cultures, rank shared goals higher than individual desires and goalsCultural Perceptions of TimeMonochronic time revealed in the ordered, precise, schedule-driven use of public time that typifies and even caricatures efficient Northern Europeans and North AmericansWhy Do US Expatriates Failon Foreign Assignments?Expatriate refers to anyone living and/or working outside their home countryThe Foreign Assignment CycleKey Cross-Cultural Competencies