Bài giảng Management information systems - Chapter 6: Systems Development: Phases, Tools, and Techniques

Chapter 6Systems Development: Phases, Tools, and TechniquesINTRODUCTIONWhen developing a new system, you have 3 “who” choicesInsourcing – IT specialists inside your organizationSelfsourcing – do-it-yourself approach many end users take with little or no help from IT specialistsOutsourcing – a third-party organization (i.e., let someone do the work and pay them for it)INSOURCING AND THE SDLCSystems development life cycle (SDLC) - a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems 7 distinct phasesAlso called a waterfall methodology, an approach in which each phase of the SDLC is followed by another, from planning through implementationSDLC Phases & Major ActivitiesCOMPONENT-BASED DEVELOPMENTThe SDLC focuses only on the project at handComponent-based development (CBD) – focuses on building small self-contained blocks of code (components) that can be reused across a variety of applicationsUsing already-developed componentsBuilding new components as neededRAD and Extreme Programming RADExtreme ProgrammingSELFSOURCINGSelfsourcing (end-user development) – the development and support of IT systems by end users with little or no help from IT specialistsDo-it-yourself systems development approachCan relieve IT specialists of the burden of developing many smaller systemsSelfsourcing ApproachPROTOTYPINGPrototype – a model of a proposed product, service, or systemPrototyping - the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system Proof-of-concept prototype - prove the technical feasibility of a proposed systemSelling prototype - used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system The Prototyping Process OUTSOURCINGOutsourcing – the delegation of specified work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of serviceThe third “who” option of systems development, after insourcing and selfsourcingOutsourcing OptionsOutsourcing ProcessWhen outsourcing, you’ll develop two vitally important documents – a request for proposal and a service level agreementOutsourcing – RFP Request for proposal (RFP) – formal document that describes in excruciating detail your logical requirements for a proposed system and invites outsourcing organizations to submit bids for its developmentIn outsourcing, you must tell another organization what you want developed; you do that with an RFPTherefore, the RFP must be very detailedSome RFPs can take years to developOutsourcing OptionsThere are three different forms of outsourcing:Onshore outsourcing - the process of engaging another company within the same country for servicesNearshore outsourcing - contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby countryOffshore outsourcing - contracting with a company that is geographically far away