Renewal of the mind and economic orientation development for Quang Ninh province

145 HNUE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE DOI: 10.18173/2354-1067.2018-0059 Social Sciences, 2018, Volume 63, Issue 7, pp. 145-151 This paper is available online at RENEWAL of THE MIND AND ECONOMIC ORIENTATION DEVELOPMENT FOR QUANG NINH PROVINCE Ngo Thuy Quynh State Management Department of Urban and Rural, National Academy of Public Administration Abstract. Quang Ninh is one of the few provinces with great potentials, including the famous natural wonder of Ha Long Bay, a large source of coal for economic development with large scale, fast speed and effective tall fruit. State has approved the master plan of economic development - society to 2020 and vision to 2025, but the implementation is not yet eligible desired. What are the causes? and how should develop to make Quang Ninh become rich? To help clarify these questions authors proposed some ideas, and recommendations of 4 things to do. These are (1). seamless connectivity between Quang Ninh and Hanoi and other places by roads and sea; (2). to develop the energy industry, transport and tourism in the direction of modernity; (3). enhance the governance capacity of the local authorities Keywords: Development master plan, connectivity, local governance, modernization 1. Introduction Quang Ninh is strategically located in economics, security and defense and has great potential for large-scale, fast-paced, efficient and sustainable economic development. Developing Quang Ninh to build a strong economic powerhouse in the north of Vietnam is an indispensable and urgent requirement for Vietnam. Although the government and the provincial government have been determined, the powerful reforms have not yet been promoted, the economy has not developed as expected. The causes are many, but the development method is not reasonable, Quang Ninh is not connected smoothly with the major economic centers and local authorities have not the appropriate solution, sufficiently attractive strategic investors. 2. Content 2.1. The great natural potential but not properly promoted Quang Ninh is located in North East of Vietnam. It borders on the People's Republic of China to the North, Lang Son, Bac Giang to the Northwest; to the East and the South bordering the Gulf of Tonkin and Hai Phong. Quang Ninh has a natural land area of 6,102 km2 (about 80% of the mountainous area), accounting for 1.85% of the country's natural land area. Quang Ninh has a 133 km long border with three main trade gates, including Mong Cai International Border, adjacent to the vast coastal region of southern China; At the same time, the shore of Tonkin Gulf is about 250 km long and the sea area of the island is over 1,000 km2. The average population in 2016 is about Received February 7, 2018. Accepted July 5, 2018. Contact Ngo Thuy Quynh, e-mail address: ngothuyquynhapd@gmail.com Ngo Thuy Quynh 146 1.3 million. Quang Ninh is one of the few industrial and seaports to develop into the earliest in Vietnam. On the other side of the Chinese border, there is the port of Phong Thanh, Bac Hai Airport and beyond with the seaport of Zhanjiang in Guangdong Province, the seaside area of which is the Hainan Economic Zone, which has an international airport and port. Large-scale impingement on the development of Quang Ninh province. Quang Ninh has abundant and outstanding resources compared to other provinces in the North as well as in the whole country. - Unique tourism resources: Quang Ninh has a unique natural resource and economic value. Ha Long Bay, which is recognized by UNESCO as a World Natural Heritage Site, is the most popular tourist destination in Vietnam. Bai Tu Long Bay and famous islands such as Cai Bau, Ngoc Vung, Quan Lan, Co To... and Yen Tu landscapes, Yen Lap pine (Yen Hung district); Khe Che lake (Dong Trieu District)... and the system of caves and beaches associated with the Ha Long Bay, Bai Tu Long create beautiful natural scenery for people to enjoy. In addition, other special ecological systems of Quang Ninh such as coastal ecosystems with many rare species of animals, coral ecosystems, nature reserves on the Monkey Island in the Bay of Long ... can be put into operation for tourism. Quang Ninh has Yen Tu pagoda (Uong Bi town), Quynh Lam pagoda, Sinh temple, Tran dynasty tomb (Dong Trieu district); Bach Dang (Yen Hung district), Cua Ong (Cam Pha town), Quan Lan (Van Don district) and Tra Co communal house (Mong Cai town). The historical relics are associated with the traditional cultural festivals of each place held annually from January to December lunar calendar. - Mineral resources have great economic meaning and national significance. Quang Ninh does not have too many minerals but has a national significance, most notably coal with a capacity of 3.5 billion tons, which allows mining of 30-40 million tons per year (at least about 25 million tons / year). In the long run, coal is still the main source of industry, which has a great impact on the socio-economic development of the province. Table 1. Reserves of Quang Ninh coal mines Unit: 1000 tons Reserve level Total reserves Open-pit mining reserve The storage capacity of the furnace is equal Reserves of wells I. Estimated reserves 3.524.240 215.476 470.356 2.837.808 A 800.050 28.045 31.833 20.174 B 441.479 79.355 112.974 249.150 C1 2.196.713 101.052 292.758 1.802.903 C2 805.996 7.024 33.391 765.581 II. The mine is being exploited (A+B+C1) 1.422.362 192.442 150.793 1.079.127 III. Reserve to be prepared for exploitation 333.563 12.410 113.746 207.407 Source: Report on Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development in Quang Ninh until 2020. Limestone for cement is the second most prominent mineral resource. Hoan Bo limestone reserve of nearly 1 billion tons allows the production of cement from tens of millions tons to several tens of millions tons per year. Other minerals such as kaolin in Tan Mai, Hai Ha, glass Renewal of the mind and economic orientation development for Quang Ninh province 147 sand in Hai Van ... are relatively large mines in northern Vietnam, of relatively high quality, favorable exploitation conditions, bearing Significant importance for industrial development. Table 2. Potential of non-metallic resources of Quang Ninh Mineral type Number of mines Reserve (Million tons) 1. Limestone cement 3 1.330 2. Cement clay 6 130 3. Kaolin 16 150 4. Brick making clay 6 75,6 5. Fire clay 4 14,6 6. Glass sand 1 6,2 Source: Report on Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development in Quang Ninh until 2020. - Fishery resources are not great but there are many prospects. According to the survey results, the fishing capacity of Quang Ninh is about 20 - 25 thousand tons per year. Quang Ninh has more than 4,000 ha of tidal flats, 2,000 ha of gulf and tens of thousands of hectares of shallow coastal land in Ha Long Bay. Bai Tu Long is very convenient to develop shrimp, fish and seafood export specialties. The application of advanced technologies in marine and coastal aquaculture will allow Quang Ninh's fisheries sector to develop into a strong industry. 2.2. Overview of the economic development of Quang Ninh province 2.2.1. Current situation of Quang Ninh authorities and people People's Committee of Quang Ninh province has planned socio-economic development of the province (the first time for 1995-2010 and the second for the 2011-2020 period) and urban development planning Ha Long city, Mong Cai city and development planning districts. At the same time, the provincial People's Committee has planned to develop Van Don Economic Zone, planning the development of industrial zones (Cai Lan), Viet Hung, Hai Yen, Dong Mai, Hai Ha, Mac, Quan Trieu, Tien Yen, Hoanh Bo. All such plans have been approved by competent authorities and are being implemented by local. Plans are generally of limited quality, with no long-term vision, and the design mindset of development does not create options for prospective development. Therefore, the implementation of planning projects in the implementation of many difficulties, lack of resources and lack of mechanisms and policies to raise capital for development investment. Strategic investors outside the province to Quang Ninh are still small. The provincial government has made great efforts in the area of administrative reform, reform of the apparatus (PCI ranked fifth in terms of PCI, fourth among the seven best performing provinces in the country) The economy of Quang Ninh is still not a leading development group of Vietnam. The government and people of Quang Ninh have paid much attention to attracting investment capital and constructing works of decisive significance but the results are still limited. Van Don economic zone; Industrial parks to develop concentrated coal mining, thermal power generation and shipbuilding. In general, the industry of Quang Ninh is not high technology can compete in the world; at the same time, some typical projects have been built such as some hotels, Quang Ninh museums, new urban areas and Tuan Chau tourism area, coal port and tourist port with quite large capacity. The province has completed the first phase of construction of Cai Lan port with the capacity of around 8-10 million tons per year; coal port with capacity of 23-24 million tons/year and tourist Ngo Thuy Quynh 148 port about 0.5 million people/year. Ha Noi - Ha Long - Mong Cai route has been upgraded. The travelling time from Hanoi to Ha Long is about from 2 hours to 2 hours 30 minutes. In the 2010-2016 period, Quang Ninh has mobilized about 210 trillion dong (current price) to invest in development. State capital accounted for about 46% (about 97 billion VND) and FDI accounted for 19% of the total (about 38 trillion VND). Compared with the demand for investment development, the capital mobilization is limited. 2.2.2. Situation of socio-economic development Among a few provinces with potential and advantages of development, but so far Quang Ninh has not been in the group of the leading economic development in Vietnam. In 2016, Quang Ninh compared to the whole country accounted for about 1.3% in terms of value, 1.6% in export value, 2.3% in GDP. For this province, new areas and new products, products with high technology content are still low. Coordination with major domestic economic centers (Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang ...) and international links are limited and have not had positive impacts. According to the statistical yearbook of Quang Ninh province, economic restructuring of the province is slow in the modern direction. The industry of Quang Ninh province has the most important role in the economy of the province, but it is still dominated by industries with traditional products and using technology at a low level. Estimated output of clean coal in 2016 reached 39 million tons; Electricity production is estimated at 15-16 billion kwh; cement is estimated at 2.6 million tons; cotton cotton estimated at 115 thousand tons; Brick kiln estimated 1.2 billion; vegetable oil estimated at 22 thousand tons; Wheat of all kinds is estimated at 200 thousand tons. In 2016, the total number of tourists is estimated at 8 million, of which international visitors are about 2.8 million (equivalent to 33% of total international arrivals to Vietnam and more than Da Nang, Ba Ria Vung Tau, Khanh Hoa. Total revenue of tourism services in the province is about 1,520 billion (estimated to increase about 6.5% per year). Current development can not keep customers long and therefore can not be of great value. It is necessary to think about how to keep visitors in Quang Ninh longer that they still enjoy returning to many times. By 2016, export value was estimated at $ 2.14 billion and accounted for about 1.2% of the country's total export value (only 29% for heavy industry and minerals and light industry and handicrafts accounted for 60%.). Gross domestic product (GDP) in the province during 2011-2016 increased by about 5-6%. Of which, agriculture, forestry and fishery increased by 3%, contributing 4.8%; The industry and construction sector grew by 5.6%, contributing 53.7% and the service sector by 7%, contributing 41.5% to the overall growth of the economy. If the industry contributed about 53-54% of economic growth but based on the current technology, the economy of Quang Ninh is unlikely to have a breakthrough in the coming years. Tourism, high-tech industry and border-gate economy must become key sectors with rapid growth. Table 3. Structure of GDP in 2010-2016 Period (Unit: %) Targets 2010 2016 Change Structure (%) 100,0 100,0 - - Industry and construction 60,4 61,3 +0,9 - Service 31,0 31,9 +0,9 - Agriculture and Forest 8,6 6,8 -1,8 Source: Statistical processing in Quang Ninh, 2016 Renewal of the mind and economic orientation development for Quang Ninh province 149 Despite some important achievements as mentioned above, the economic development of Quang Ninh has revealed many inadequacies, as specifically: - The social structure of Quang Ninh is just equal to the national average (agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for 46%, industrial labor accounted for 25.6% and service workers accounted for 28.4% ). It is unusual for a province with industry and tourism to develop quite early. - The technology level of enterprises is generally low, the quality of development is poor and there are no preconditions for rapid growth and quality in the long run. The living standard of people is still low. In 2016, the rural population was about 36% and the percentage of the poor was still about 7% of the population (about 78% in rural areas and rural migration to coastal urban areas). If there are no solutions, it will cause instability for the overall development of the province. - It is worth mentioning that pollution and environmental pollution as well as natural disasters are increasing intensity and frequency, causing unpredictable consequences. According to www.vincomin.vn, there are about 3,300 tons of hazardous waste in Quang Ninh and about 2.1- 4.2 million m3 of domestic water and services discharged every year. According to mtnt.hoinongdan.org.vn, by 2021, the average temperature in Vietnam will increase by 2-3 degrees Celsius. This means sea level may rise about 1m compared to the 1980s. At that time, about 10% of the coastal area of the province will be flooded (Quang Ninh has 9 districts, towns, coastal cities, including 8 communes below sea level); about 5% of the national highway length, over 6% of the provincial length, nearly 4% of the railway length, over 9% of the population affected. Forecasts for 2020-2100 period, sea level in Quang Ninh province will rise about 50-64 cm, then the total flooded area of Quang Ninh is about 125 km2. The most affected areas are some coastal areas such as Mong Cai, Hai Ha, Dam Ha, Tien Yen, Van Don, Quang Yen and Hoanh Bo. 2.3. Renovate the way of economic development so that Quang Ninh becomes the economic leader in the North of Vietnam 2.3.1. Connecting Quang Ninh with major centers This is an important development method and has the following content: - Connect closely with Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City and Da Nang to develop science and technology; train high quality human resources and increase economic exchanges as well as promote trade network and investment with the major economic centers of East Asia and the world. - Enhance tourism links with famous islands in the region, especially Jeju (Korea), Hokaido (Japan), Boracay (Philippines), Bali (Indonesia), Phu Khet (Thailand), Pangko (Malaysia), Hainan (China) and Singaopore. Quang Ninh provincial government coordinated with the ministries to complete the Hanoi-Mong Cai expressway and the coastal road running from Mong Cai to Ha Long and Haiphong. - Coordinate with Guangxi province in China to promote the Mong Cai connection with Dong Hung and Thanh Thanh. In order to expand the connection mentioned above, it is necessary to quickly build Van Don International Airport, upgrade Cai Lan port and develop vigorously shipping to create the decisive factors for the development of Quang Ninh as well as for the North East Vietnam. 2.3.2. Implement modernization and economic breakthroughs Modernization of the economy must become a strategic development in the direction of turning Quang Ninh into a multi-national development site, a playground of transnational economic groups with leading technology and potential strong financial strength. First of all, Ngo Thuy Quynh 150 modernize the economic sphere of the key areas. In that direction, it will attract more and faster strategic economic groups from Japan, Korea, USA, EU countries. Quang Ninh should not be attracted to low-tech and tentative projects. The author argues that only high technology can effectively exploit a locality with great potential such as Quang Ninh. For economic development, it is necessary to break through Van Don Economic Zone and Mong Cai Economic Zone with the development of energy, tourism and sea transportation (followed by air lines). To quickly form the economic belt of Hai Phong - Ha Long - Van Don - Mong Cai, which needs to build modern industrial and service establishments, international entertainment and entertainment centers to create a region with real economic strength in the North East of Vietnam and effectively connect with the region and the world. Implement other measures to attract investors and to attract long-stay visitors. 2.3.3. Enhancing the governance capacity of the local government The Quang Ninh provincial government must demonstrate good governance. First and foremost, the provincial government should introduce a breakthrough development path that is consistent with the development of the knowledge economy and fully account for the impact of the industrial revolution to the impact of digital revolution, artificial intelligence, robotics, automation) as well as the development of the country. It does not stop at improving provincial competitiveness (PCI), governance and public administration efficiency (PAPI), but must rapidly improve the governance of all local development activities. The provincial government should make good commitments to investors, but it must achieve the objective of modernizing the provincial economy by 2030. 3. Conclusions Quang Ninh is a province with great potentials, outperforming other localities in our country and strategically located in the Northeastern coast of Vietnam. In order to develop Quang Ninh strongly, effectively and sustainablely, it is necessary to renovate the mind and act aggressively in the direction of modernization and select the key and spearhead fields (combining industry, air transport and sea, tourism associated with recreation and healing, research and creativity). At the same time, to quickly develop the Van Don Special Economic - Administrative Zone and Mong Cai border gate economic zone; quickly connect with the major economic centers as the author suggested above). To develop Quang Ninh into one of the leading economies of Vietnam, the State should have specific and even preferential policies in favor of special economic zones in East Asia. Standing at the state level, development of Quang Ninh is the responsibility of both the government and the provincial government. The State should speed up the construction of airports, seaports and expressways linking Hanoi, Hai Phong and Dong Hung and promulgating laws on the development of special administrative - economic zone Van