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16.2 DHCP The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) provides static and dynamic address allocation that can be manual or automatic. The topics discussed in this section include: Static Address Allocation Dynamic Address Allocation Manual and Automatic Configuration Packet Format Transition States Exchanging Messages

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15.2 MULTICAST APPLICATIONS Multicasting has many applications today such as access to distributed databases, information dissemination, teleconferencing, and distance learning. The topics discussed in this section include: Access to Distributed Databases Information Dissemination Dissemination of News Teleconferencing Distance Learning

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14.3 RIP The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain routing protocol used inside an autonomous system. It is a very simple protocol based on distance vector routing. The topics discussed in this section include: RIP Message Format Requests and Responses Timers in RIP RIP Version 2 Encapsulation

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13.2 SCTP FEATURES We discuss the general features of SCTP and then compare them with those of TCP. The topics discussed in this section include: Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) Stream Identifier (SI) Stream Sequence Number (SSN) Packets Acknowledgment Number Flow Control Error Control Congestion Control

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Example 5 Figure 12.21 shows an unrealistic example of a sliding window. The sender has sent bytes up to 202. We assume that cwnd is 20 (in reality this value is thousands of bytes). The receiver has sent an acknowledgment number of 200 with an rwnd of 9 bytes (in reality this value is thousands of bytes). The size of the sender window is the mini...

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11.6 UDP PACKAGE To show how UDP handles the sending and receiving of UDP packets, we present a simple version of the UDP package. The UDP package involves five components: a control-block table, input queues, a control-block module, an input module, and an output module. The topics discussed in this section include: Control-Block Table Input ...

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Example 1 (Continued) Solution The events occur in this sequence: a. Time 12: The timer for 228.42.0.0 in host A expires and a membership report is sent, which is received by the router and every host including host B which cancels its timer for 228.42.0.0. b. Time 30: The timer for 225.14.0.0 in host A expires and a membership report is sent, ...

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Note: The following are important points about ICMP error messages: ❏ No ICMP error message will be generated in response to a datagram carrying an ICMP error message. ❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a fragmented datagram that is not the first fragment. ❏ No ICMP error message will be generated for a datagram having a multic...

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Example 4 An IP packet has arrived with the first few hexadecimal digits as shown below: 45000028000100000102 . . . How many hops can this packet travel before being dropped? The data belong to what upper layer protocol? Solution To find the time-to-live field, we skip 8 bytes (16 hexadecimal digits). The time-to-live field is the ninth byte, ...

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Example 1 A host with IP address 130.23.43.20 and physical address B2:34:55:10:22:10 has a packet to send to another host with IP address 130.23.43.25 and physical address A4:6E:F4:59:83:AB (which is unknown to the first host). The two hosts are on the same Ethernet network. Show the ARP request and reply packets encapsulated in Ethernet frames.

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