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Profit maximizing equilibrium does not coincide with MSY (highest sustainable harvest) Optimal harvest in our example implies that the stock is larger than that corresponding with MSY

13 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 1999 | Lượt tải: 0

Non-renewable Resources are geological resources of which only a fixed supply and non/or non-increasing stocks exits on the planet Require geological time spans to regenerate. The rate of stock creation overtime is zero Not been completely discovered by human Mineral fuels: oil, coal, natural gas, other fossil oils Metallic minerals: iron...

4 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2267 | Lượt tải: 0

Procedural steps The site is divided into concentric circles (zones) Visitors to the site are sampled using a questionnaire: Zone of origin and other demographic/attitudinal information Frequency of visits to the site Frequency of visits to substitute sites Trip information: length, nights stayed, travel paths, meal Visitation rate...

14 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2237 | Lượt tải: 0

A hypothetical description of the term under which the goods/services to be offered When the service will be available How the respondent will be expected to pay How much others will be expected to pay What institutions will be responsible for delivery The quality and reliability of the service Question’ how much an individual is willing t...

15 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2123 | Lượt tải: 0

Advantages of Tradable emission permits Least intervention Cost effective, especially when many parties involved Provide observable market prices for environmental services. Applied to wide range of environmental problem Disadvantages of Tradable emission permits Appropriate mechanism to distribute permits Ineffective when there are few ...

2 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2047 | Lượt tải: 0

Pigouvian tax based on output easily to implement and monitor How output and waste are related? Assume that technical relationship between output and waste conversion is relatively stable Polluter- pays principle: not shifting the tax burden onto other members of the society Provide no incentive to firms to search for improved method o...

11 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2153 | Lượt tải: 0

Three types: ambient, emission, technology Ambient standards refers to the qualitative dimensions of the surrounding environment (ambient quality of the air/city or water quality/river, lake) Ambient standards are normally expressed in terms of average concentration levels over some period of time. EX: sulfur dioxide (SO2)/annual mean; 24-hou...

15 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2123 | Lượt tải: 0

Public goods/bads have two characteristics Non-rivalry – consumption by one agent does not reduce the amount available to others Non-excludability – if provided for one agent, others cannot be excluded from consumption Examples of public goods – national defence, water pollution abatement. Examples of public bads – air pollution

25 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2201 | Lượt tải: 0

(Bản scan) Market demand curve: negatively sloped A ship in market demand curve: Income Prices of related goods Consumer preferences for the product considered Number of relevant consumers

18 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 2119 | Lượt tải: 0

(Bản scan) A. Nguyên tắc chung Ý tưởng cơ bản của giấy phép phát thải là tạo thị trường cho các "quyền gây ô nhiễm" (pollution rights) Mỗi giấy phép cho người sở hữu được phép xả thải một đơn vị chất thải nhất định (kg, tấn) Tổng số giấy phép cho tất cả các nguồn phát thải là giới hạn lượng phát thải Các giấy phép này có thể nhượng bán

14 trang | Chia sẻ: haohao89 | Ngày: 01/06/2013 | Lượt xem: 5419 | Lượt tải: 1